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The flashcards below were created by user
Danielvu28
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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How do we rely on plants?
FOR FOOD, RAW MATERIALS (such as cotton) & MEDICINES
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How did farmers develop successful corn, broccoli and cabbage crops?
VIA SELECTIVE BREEDING
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What is the disadvantage of vegetative reproduction or cloning in plants?
- CONDITIONS IN THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT CAN SUDDENLY CHANGE
- LEAVING THE CLONES DOOMED TO EXTINCTION
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Which male angiosperm organ produces pollen?
ANTHER
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What are the essential features of the pistil (the female organ of the flower)?
STYLE, STIGMA, OVARY
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What are the characteristics of flowers pollinated by animals such as bees?
- BRIGHTLY COLORED, PRODUCE NECTAR TO ATTRACT POLLINATORS,
- POLLINATE MORE EFFICIENTLY THAN WIND POLLINATORS
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What is the period called when the seed is alive but not growing?
DORMANCY
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What is the advantage of seed dormancy?
- THE PLANT CAN POSTPONE GERMINATION UNTIL ENVIRONMENTAL
- CONDITIONS ARE IDEAL
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What characterizes seeds spread via wind?
THEY ARE LIGHTWEIGHT.
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How are seeds dispersed by animals such as raccoons characterized?
BY FLESHY, NUTRITIOUS FRUITS
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What is it called when the seed emerges from dormancy and begins to grow?
GERMINATION
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Which plant hormone stimulates cell elongation and rapid growth in the stem and root tips?
AUXINS
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Which part of the plant releases ethylene gas?
FRUIT
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What is the effect of ethylene gas?
IT ACCELERATES FRUIT RIPENING.
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What is THE plant growth hormone (which acts most effectively on stem & fruit size)?
GIBBERELLIN
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What phenomenon causes a bean sprout to tilt 60 deg from the vertical towards the
sun?
POSITIVE PHOTOTROPISM
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What tropism does ivy climbing up a wall display?
THIGMOTROPISM
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What is the plant responding to when it changes along with the day length or season?
PHOTOPERIOD
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What causes the leaves to change color in the fall/autumn?
- INCREASED PRODUCTION OF ANTHOCYANIN (a red pigment) & DECREASED
- PRODUCTION OF CHLOROPHYLL (a green pigment)
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What makes up the vascular tissue of plants?
XYLEM & PHLOEM
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What causes root pressure?
ACTIVE TRANSPORT OF SOIL IONS INTO THE VASCULAR CYLINDER
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What is adhesion?
- THE ATTRACTION OF WATER MOLECULES TO OTHER MOLECULES (such as
- glass)
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Through which plant cells does water move by capillary action?
XYLEM CELLS
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How would you describe the internal water pressure of guard cells when the stomate is
open?
HIGH
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When do stomata open?
DURING THE DAY IF THE PLANT HAS ENOUGH WATER
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Why are stomata found mostly on the underside of the leaf?
WATER LOSS WOULD BE LESS ON THE SHADED SURFACE
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What would likely happen if an oak tree’s xylem was destroyed?
- THIS WOULD HAMPER THE PLANT’S ABILITY TO CONDUCT WATER TO THE
- LEAVES
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What might a thin tree ring indicate?
A YEAR OF DROUGHT
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What explains the movement of sugars/sap in a plant?
THE PRESSURE-FLOW HYPOTHESIS
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What are the 3 major parts of the pressure-flow hypothesis?
- 1st WATER MOVES FROM THE XYLEM TO THE PHLOEM OF THE PLANT
- 2nd WATER IS NECESSARY FOR SUGARS TO MOVE THROUGH THE PLANT
- 3rd PHLOEM IS ABLE TO MOVE SUGAR IN ANY DIRECTION TO MEET THE
METABOLIC NEEDS OF THE PLANT
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Cacti have fat stems and miniscule leaves...how have cactus stems taken over leaf
function?
- THE CACTUS STEMS PRODUCE FOOD BY PHOTOSYNTHESIS (normally this is
- done by leaves)
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What is one thing that stems can do that roots cannot?
PHOTOSYNTHESIZE
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Which organ of the plant is adapted for photosynthesis?
LEAVES
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Where in the leaf does photosynthesis occur?
MESOPHYLL
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What is the outer covering of a plant?
DERMAL TISSUE
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Which part of the root, if damaged, would halt root growth?
APICAL MERISTEM See p. 670
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What encloses the vascular tissue in the root?
ENDODERMIS
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