Ch. 55 BIO Final

A sequence of unlearned acts that is unchangeable- one initiated it is usually carried to completion- triggered by an external sensory stimulus known as a sign stimulus
ex. spiders because they make their webs look the same, circular

A powerful chemical attractant used to manipulate the behavior of others

In animals, trigger that initiates a fixed action pattern of behavior

Behaviors that seem to be genetically programmed

A simple change in activity or turning rate in response to a stimulus
ex. Sowbugs

The process by which new behavior is learned
ex. learning to read and write

An oriented movement toward (positive) or away (negative) from a stimulus
ex. trout

A loss of responsiveness to stimuli that convey little or no new information- one of the simplest forms of learning
ex. the "cry-wolf" effect

Critical period- a limited developmental time period when certain behaviors can be learned
ex. geese and whooping cranes

The ability to associate one environmental feature with another
ex. Monarch butterfly and victory butterfly (look very similar, slightly different color but pretty much the same markings)

An arbitrary stimulus becomes associated with a particular outcome

An animal learns to associate one of its own behaviors with a reward or punishment
ex. "Trial and error" learning

Behavior that appears to benefit others at a cost to oneself- selfishness

Natural selection favors altruism when the benefits to the recipient multiplied by the coefficient of relatedness exceeds the cost to the altruist rB>C

The probability that two individuals will share a copy of a particular gene