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ndumas2
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Who owns the Internet?
- Individuals
- Universities
- Government agencies
- Private companies
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Who manages the Internet?
- Nonprofit organizations
- User groups
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Who pays for the Internet?
- U.S. taxpayers
- Businesses
- Universities
- Other countries
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Types of servers
- Web servers
- Host Web pages
- Commerce servers
- Enable the purchase of goods and services over the Web
- File servers
- Provide remote storage space for files that users can download
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Circuit Switching
- Dedicated connection between two points
- Remains active until the transmission is terminated
- Used in telephone communications
- Inefficient for computers
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Packet Switching
- Data is broken into small units (packets)
- Packets are sent over various routes to their destination
- Packets are reassembled by the receiving computer
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Packets contain:
- Destination/source addresses
- Reassembling instructions
- Data
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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
- Prepares data for transmission
- Provides error checking
- Enables resending lost data
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Internet Protocol (IP)
Responsible for sending data from one computer to another
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IP Address
Unique number that identifies each device connected to the Internet
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Classless interdomain routing (CIDR)
- Allows a single IP address to represent several unique addresses
- Uses a network prefix (slash and number)
- Identifies how many bits in the IP address are unique identifiers
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Domain Names
- Names that take the place of an IP address
- Sample domain name: www.mywebsite.com
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Domain Name System Servers
Internet servers that translate domain names into IP addresses
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HyperText Markup Language (HTML)
- Tags that describe the formatting and layout of a Web page
- Not programming languages, but sets of rules for specifying how a browser should display text
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Extensible HyperText Markup Language (XHTML)
- Successor to HTML
- Much more stringent rules regarding tagging
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Extensible Markup Language (XML)
- Designed for information exchange
- Can be used to create your own markup language
- Used in e-commerce transactions
- Custom packages for specific communities
- MathML, Wireless Markup Language (WML)
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Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
Browsers request that a program file executes (runs)
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Dynamic HTML
- A combination of technologies
- HTML/XHTML
- Cascading style sheets
- JavaScript
- Allows a Web page to change in response to user action
- Brings special effects to otherwise static Web pages
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Cascading Style Sheets
- Statements that define in a single location how to display HTML/XHTML elements
- Enable a Web developer to define a style for each HTML/XHTML element
- The rule can be applied to as many elements on as many Web pages as needed Speeds up global changes
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Document Object Model
- Organizes the objects and elements of a Web page
- Defines every item on a Web page as an object
- Developers can easily change the properties of these objects
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Client-Side Applications
Programs that run on a client computer with no interaction with the server
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E-mail security
- Encryption
- Private-key encryption
- Public-key encryption
- Secure data transmission software
- SafeMessage
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Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
- Allows inexpensive or free long-distance phone calls over the Internet
- Some cell phones are VoIP enabled
- Uses packet switching
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Cloud Computing
- Uses Internet to deliver business services online
- Used by many Web 2.0 applications (blogs, wikis, social networks) and Web-based e-mail
- Requires a large investment of hardware, software, and programming talent
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