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What is Quatitative Research? Give an example.
- Specific Behaciors - what kind of CP, was it fair
- Eaily tied to numbers
- conclusions based on statistical analyses
- more defined
- Advantage - more objective
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What is Qualitative Research? Give an example.
- Observe in the natural setting or asking about the natural settings
- describing behavior in words - no statistics
- Conslustions based on interpretatiosn
- settings: school, home, playground
- Why - more detail
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What is naturalistic observation?
- Researcher makes observations in a natural setting (the child's school, home, playground) over an extended period of time.
- Sometimes "participant observation"
- Usually Qualitative
- Advantage - help get a sense of what is nomral in a child's life
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What are the steps of naturalistic observation?
- 1. describe the setting
- 2. describe the event
- 3. describe the person's observed in the setting
- 4. Interpret what was observed
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Discuss the issues around participant observation and concealment.
Helpful to conceal but ethical issues and observer may loose objectivity
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What are the limits of the naturalist observation?
- Conditions change over time
- Cause the behavior to change - you don't know if it is natural or if the environment had a hand in the change of behavior
- Time-consuming
- Expensive $$$$$
- Helps to observe a complex environment
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What is systematic observation?
- Careful observation of one or more specific behaviors in a particular setting
- Observations are quatifiable
- Researchers have developed prior hypothesis about the behaviors
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What is a coding system
Descriptions of the bahviors and ratings used to describe an observation
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What are the methodoligical issues in systematic observation?
- Equipment: Video camaras
- Reactivity: Possibility that the presence of the observer will affect the people's behavior's (one-way mirror)
- Inter-rater reliabiltiy must be established
- Sampling of behaviors: how long do you observe.
- Better to have more BUT it is $$$ and time consuming
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What is a case study and what is it used?
- A rich description of an individual
- Usually a person, but someimes a settign
- Insights gained this way
- Can lead to a hypothesis that can be tested using other methods
- Done in a very unique observation or a rare condition
- A qualitative study
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