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What are the MOBILE articulators?
Tongue, Jaw, Lips, Velum, Cheeks, Chest wall, Pharyngeal walls, Laryngeal system
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What are the IMMOVABLE articulators?
Alveolar Ridge, Hard Palatte, Teeth
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Condyle
articulates with temporal bone (TMJ)
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Maxille
fuses medially during embryogenesis to form upper jaw, roof of the mouth
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Floor of nasal cavity
Vomer
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Forms posterior nasal septum
vomer
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Bridge of Nose
Nasal Bones
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Forms medial aspect of orbit
Lachrymal
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What happens to VP port during speech
Reduce cross-sectional diameter of VP port, rapidly. Velar musculature generates most of movement, LPW has medial motion, PPW little motion
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VP closure beteen nasals and non-nasals
VP has greater closure between non-nasal as opposed to nasals
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What does muscle arrangement of velum allow?
- -elevation/depression of velum
- -constricting of port
- -tensing/stiffening of velar surface
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What is the velar sling
Levator Veli Palatini
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Action of LVP
elevate and retract velum, upward and backward movemtn of velar tissue
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What does the TVP do?
tense anterior velum by tension placed on the velar tendon. Opens Eustachian tube, equalization ME air pressure
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What does the Musculus Uvulae do?
shortens and thickens nasal surface of velum, increases mass of velum to close VP port (lack of muscle bulk can cause leak of air through nasal cavity-hypernasality)
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Anterior Frontal Arch
Palatoglossus
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What does the palatoglossus do?
Lower velum or decrease distance between l and r faucial arches if tongue is stable. Elevates and retracts tongue if velum is stabalized
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Posterior Faucial Arch
Palatopharyngeus
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What does the palatopharyngeus do?
Narrows oropharynx and lowers the velum
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Non speech functions of the tongue
taste, food movement, transport bolus through oral cavity
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Speech functions of the tongue
Acts as valve to stop airflow, restricts airflow to produce stridents and fricatives,
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blade, dorsum and root
superior surface of the tongue
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Frenulum
flap of tissue beneath apex of tongue, attached to floor of mouth
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Paoillae
taste buds are interspersed throughout pappilae
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Sulcus Terminalis
divides the body of the tongue into anterior body and posterior root
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What is a Muscular Hydrostat
an organ that lacks a skeleton of bone or cartilage
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What is isovolumetric structure?
maintains a constant volume as its muscles contract
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Intrinsic muscles of the tongue are responsible for...
fine muscle movements of the tongue
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What acts as the articulatory rate limiter
intrinsic muscles of the tongue
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Extrinsic muscles insertions and origin
- insertion inside tongue
- origon outside tongue
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Do intrinsic/extrinsic muscles have higher innervation ratio?
extrinsic
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What does the transversus do?
Narrows and elongates the tongue
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What does the Verticalis do?
flattens the tongue and pulls it down into the floor of the mouth
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What does the Superior Longitudinal do?
elevates, retracts, and deviates the apex
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What does the Inferior Longitudinal do?
pulls tip of tongue downward in retraction and deviates the tongue
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What is the bulk of the tongue called?
Genioglossus
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What do anterior fibers of the genioglossus do?
retract the tongue
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what do posterior fibers of the genioglossus do?
protrude the tongue
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what do anterior ANDposterior fibers of the genioglossus do?
depress the tongue
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Styloglossus
draws the tongue up and back
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Hyoglossus
pulls sides of the tongue down
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How do muscles in lower face differ from those in limbs
lack well defined insertion points, lack tendonous connections, not divided into distinct muscle group,
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how are bilabials made
lip muscles seal, compress along with muscle that make up corners of mouth
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How are labials made
lip rounding
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low are labio-dentals made
lip produces an area of constriction in assosciation with upper incisors
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Orbicukaris oris
close lips, protrudes lips, draws oral angles to midline
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raises upper lip and turns it outward
Levator Labii Superior
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Elevates upper lip
zygomaticus minor
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draws angle of mouth upward and out
zygomaticus major
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what is the smiling muscle
zygomaticus major
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Raise angle of the mouth
Vevator Anguli Oris
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Raided and everts lower lip, wrinkles skin of chin, lip compression
Mentalis
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Draws lower lip downward and laterally
Depressor Labii Inferior
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Draws angle of mouth downward and laterally
Depressor Anguli Oris
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Compresses cheeks against teeth, privides wall for oral pressure development
Buccinator
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Retreacts angle of mouth directly posterior
Risorius
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Muscular sheet covering frontal bone that elevates eyebrow and wrinkles forehead
Frontalis
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Elliptical muscle surrounding eyelid, closes eyelid
Orbicularis Oculi
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Draws eyebrow together
Corrugator
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Wrinkle Bridge of nose
Procerus
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Nostril flaring muscle, widens nasal aperture
Nasalis
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Elevate smandible, closes jaw, slow but powerful contraction
Masseter
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Elevates mandible, fast contraction time, shears and tears
Temporalis
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Assists elevation/protrusion of mandible and side-to-side movement of jaw. very active during speech.
Medial Pterygoid
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Assists in opening mouth, rocks mandible against upper maxillary segment during chewing
Later Pterygoid
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Jaw opener/ speech muscle (ABD AND PBD)
anterior belly digastricus, posterior belly of digastricus
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elevates floor of mouth. paired muscle that forms floor of mouth
Mylohyoid
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jaw opener that parallels ABD orientation
Geniohyoid
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