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coreygloudeman
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What are the types of internal energy?
- 1. potential energy - the energy of position
- 2. kinetic energy - the energy of motion
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Is temperature and kinetic energy of gases are directly or indirectly related?
directly
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What is absolute zero?
Theoretical level or calculated where there would be cessation of kinetic activity of a gas
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What is the SI (System International or the International System of units) based on?
Kelvin, with a zero point equal to absolute zero (0o K). There is 100 degrees between freezing and boiling points of water so it is also called the centigrade scale.
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What is the cgs (centimeter-gram-second) system based on?
Celsius units (o C). It is also a centigrade scale (100 degrees between freezing and boiling points of water). Zero degree Celsius is freezing temperature of water
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How do you convert from Celsius to Kelvin?
- K = C + 273
- and to get Celsius you do
- C = K - 273
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How do you convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius?
C = 5/9 (F - 32)
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How do you convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit?
F = (9/5 X C) + 32
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What the four main ways that heat transfers?
- 1. Conduction
- 2. Convection
- 3. Radiation
- 4. Evaporation/Condensation
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How does Conduction heat transfer work?
Heat is directly transferred between hot and cold molecules
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How does Convection heat transfer work?
mixing of fluid molecules at different temperatures
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How does Radiation heat transfer work?
without direct physical contact such as the sun warming the earth
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How does Evaporation/Condensation heat transfer work?
- Vaporization - the change of state from liquid to gas and the process requires heat energy. It must come from its surroundings.
- �evaporation� - is a form of vaporization where heat is taken from the surrounding air of the liquid, and cools it. Nonheated humidifiers cool the gas above as evaporation occurs.
- Condensation - is the opposite of evaporation. Gaseous vapor turns back into a liquid and heat must be given back to the surroundings.
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What principle explains Buoyancy?
Archimedes� Principle
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What does Archimede's principle explain?
Archimedes� principle: the buoyant force must equal the weight of the fluid displaced by the object
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What is viscocity?
force that opposes a fluid�s flow; The weaker the cohesive forces the less viscosity and the less opposition to flow. The stronger the forces the greater the viscosity and the more opposition to flow
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What is Adhesion/Cohesion?
- Cohesion is the attraction molecules that are alike.
- Adhesion is the attraction of molecules that are not
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What is surface tension and what happens to alveoli if there is too much of it?
force exerted by like molecules at a liquid�s surface. It is cohesion. On the surface of a drop, the molecules are attracted to each other and they pull toward each other and inward forming a sphere or drop
alveoli will collapse
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What is La Place's principle and how do you calculate it?
- Surface tension increases the pressure inside a liquid drop or bubble
- It is 4(surface tension) divided by the radius
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When surface tension increases, what happens to the internal pressure?
Increases
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When radius increases, what happens to the internal pressure?
decreases
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What is Absolute humidity?
the actual amount or weight of water vapor in a gas
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What is relative humidity?
the ratio of a gases actual water vapor content to its saturated capacity at a given temperature
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What is Percent Body Humidity?
ratio of its actual water vapor content to the water vapor capacity in saturated gas at body temperature (37 C).
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What is the saturation capacity of the body?
Saturated gas (capacity) at body temperature is 43.8 mg/L (44 mg/L)
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What is the humidity deficit?
the amount of water vapor that must be added to a gas to increase it to full saturation
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What is body humidity deficit?
the amount of water vapor our body must add to the inspired gas to achieve saturation at body temperature (37 C)
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What is the diffusion fo gases?
process whereby molecules move from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration due to kinetic energy
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In a person with a tumor, a narrow area, and you want to deliver medication, what type of gas would you want to use?
a lighter gas that moves faster, suchas Heliox
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Which law pertains to solubility?
Henry's Law
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What is Boyle's law?
Temperature: P1V1 = P2V2 The volume of a gas varies inversely with its pressure
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What is Charle's Law?
Pressure: V1 / T1 = V2 / T2 The volume of a gas varies directly with changes in temp. (K)
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What is Gay-Lussac�s Law?
Volume: P1 / T1 = P2 / T2 The pressure exerted by a gas varies directly with its absolute temperature
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What is the Universal Gas Law?
P1V1 / T1 = P2V2 / T2
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Flow in the respiratory tracts is mostly what?
Transitional; however, in the upper airways there will be more turbulent flow, and in the lower airways it is laminar
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What is the Bernoulli Effect?
When a fluid flows through a tube of uniform diameter, pressure decreases progressively over the tube length. When the fluid passes through a constriction, the pressure drop is much greater.
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How does a venturi work?
If an open tube is placed distal to the constriction, the negative pressure can pull another fluid into the primary flow stream, this is usually placed at a 15 degree angle
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