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immigration
country that receives you
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emigrant
country that you are leaving
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to be conisidered a migrant
movement across geographical boundaries: permanent
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seasonal workers are not
migrants-not permanent
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types of migrants
- 1.legal- government sanctioned
- 2.undocumented-don't have permission
- 3.refugees-fleeing home area- temp. status waiting to go somewhere
- 4.asylees- fleeing home area- want to live in new place forever-applying
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push-pull theory of migration
- -somethings pushing you out of old location
- -somethings pulling you to a new location
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who migrates?
- single, y ou adults
- -in developed countries, no sex difference
- -world wide, men for jobs
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immigrants considered
neigher a loss or gain
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when people migrate they tend to go towards
cities
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two ways people migrate
- 1. step- inch further and further from home-helps minimize risk-baby steps
- 2.chain- move to a place where lots of the folks back home reside- already have a support system
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xenophobia
fear of strangers/foreigners
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consequences of moving
- -culture shock and depression
- - people of reproductive age- will increase population/not good if you are the country they move away from
- -positive-send money back home
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U.S. Policy
likes immigrants when its beneficial- politically or economically
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quota system law 1921
- -only so many immigrants for certain areas
- -cut off in 1960s-issue of proving paternity from vietnam
- -trying to define persecusion
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social security
- -women generallly get less, but need it more
- -women earned less
- -worker fewer years due to family obligation
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couple a- he $80k she $20k= larger ss check
couple b- he $55k she- $45k - married 10+ years= benefits more
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equal pay act 1963
same job, same conditions, get equal pay. title ix-can't discriminate in schools that get federal funding
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equal rights amendment
- equality rights under the law shall no be denied or abridged by the U.S. or by any state on account of sex
- -fear mongering-it passed unisex bathroom
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Family and medical leave act
- -12 weeks unpaid leave to care for self, new baby, child, or parent and job or comparable job will be held
- -if company has 50+ workers and you've worked there 1+years
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Sexual harassment
- 1.quid pro duo- trade for sexual favors
- 2.Hostile environment-sexual conduct that interferes with the work place. Example-nude calendars, sexual jokes
- 3. documented, clear policy, discussion
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global gag rule:(mexico city policy)
if abortion even mentioned by interantional group that gets U.S. federal funding- they are wholly defunded
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violence against women act-1994
- -applies additional penalties to those convicted of domestic violence
- -charge for destroying communication
- -protection for undocumented immigrants
- -cannot possess a firearm, even a service weapon
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trilogy of violence
- 1. against women
- 2. other men- crime victims (assault, homicide)
- 3.against themselves- drug & alcohol- less likely to seek medical or psychological care- risky behaviors-suicide, playing hurt
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cycle of violence
- honeymoon stage-> walking on eggshells
- ->violent act->honeymoon stage
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holzworth-monroes
- research of violence
- -ladder of violence- starts small--> gets more serious
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types of men
- 1.targets
- 2. leaders
- 3.audience-actively support the violence
- 4. marginal men- not participating, but not stopping(afraid of becoming the targets)
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sodomy laws
prevent no procreative sex-applied to certain groups- in certain instances
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okc board of education vs. national gay task force (1985)- first supreme case on gay rights
- -can fire teachers who "publically advocate homosexuality"- problem:define advocate
- -advocating-being gay in public
- -SC- teachers can say what they want, but can't practice public acts of homosexuality
- -changed under lawrence v. texas(2003)- sodomy laws illegal
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NO federal anti-discrimination law
yep
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GLBT youth
-5x more likely to skip school because of fear for safety, commit suicide, depression, drop out of school
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1996- salt lake city
shut down all extracurricular activities- so they would not have to include a gay-straight alliance
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5 states say on homosexuality
can't discuss homosexuality unless it is negative (public schools)
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hate crime prevention act
2009- now include gender, identity, sexual orientation, and disability
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hate crime prevention act 2
fire federal law to mention transgendered persons
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american indian
native person of contiguous 48 states (also are a native american)
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Native american
nativer persons + native alaskans and native hawaiians ( not considered an american indian)
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american indians and asian americans
- not usually included in research- small number of these individuals
- -lower income people also fall out of sample because they move more frequently, no address or phone number, and die younger
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3 types of racism
ideological, symbolic, institutionalized
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ideological racism
believe one group is biologically inferior to another (not talked about in society as much) "i mean all of them, but not Juan"
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symbolic racism
- "im not a racist but....."
- -i don't support policies for making things more equal
- -colorblind racism- if you can't see color then you can't fix the problem-must acknowledge it
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institutionalized racism
built into an institution/system
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14th amendment
- -was the ground for "separate but equal"
- -was not equal
- -Brown v. Board of education 1954- struck down "separte but equal"
- -Defacto- racially segregated schools because neighborhoods are segregated
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civil rights act of 1964(biggest piece of legislation)
- -nondiscrimination in: voting/registration, public accomodations, public schools, restrooms, library, gas stations, transportation, employer and labor unions, housing (1968)
- -congress did not have to comply with this act until later
- -women added to list so that CRA of 1964 wouldn't be passed
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Housing and discrimination
-Redlining-
- banks refused to offer mortgages for certain neighborhoods
- -desegregate
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blockbusting-
shady realty companies offered a low cash payment to white-playing on their fears-move out for cash
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blockbusting created white flight
whites left neighborhood- which created nitche market= prices go down-minorities have to sell to minorities
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affirmative action
create equal opportunity for women and minorities- white women benefitted the most
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two kinds of affirmative action
goals aa, quotas aa
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goals aa
- -we'll make an effor to seek a diverse workforce
- -almost nobody disagrees with this- more common
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quotas aa
- -sets a number of minorities who must be hired/admitted/promoted
- -rare-most companies don't use it
- -don't need to hire a less qualified person
- -scholarships-only a fraction are minority scholarships, most are minority plus
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employers have benefitted from aa
helps to find the best employee-wider variety
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american indians
- -citizenship 1924
- -government recognition really matters
- -land and mineral rights
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indian self determination assistance act (1975)
-tribes could make own decisions in education, health, and welfare services
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indian child welfare act (1978)
tribes could have more authority over childrens care
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does govt give money to tribes
yes, of limited use
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racial profiling
- -making assumptions about someone based on perceived races
- -wastes police time and effort
- -promotes fear and alienation of police
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control variable
holding it constant
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african american babies born too small -x2 that of whites
- due to unequal treatment? racism?
- u.s. ranks 34 (23 if whites only)
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