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christophertkennedy
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List the three elements of a lever.
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When the load and applied force are on opposite sides of the fulcrum you have a:
1st class lever
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When the load is between the applied force and the fulcrum, such as with a wheel barrow, you have a:
2nd class lever
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The elbow is an example of which type of lever?
3rd class - applied force between fulcrum (elbow) and load (hand)
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What structure is surrounded by the perimysium?
a muscle fascicle
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The entire muscle, such as the biceps brachii, is surrounded by the:
epimysium
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An individual muscle fiber (cell) is surrounded by the:
endomysium
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What is the main function of sarcoplasmic reticulum?
to store Ca2+
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Which structure in a muscle cell runs perpendicular to the sarcolemma and allows the entire fiber to depolarize?
transverse tubules
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Define sarcomere.
repeating areas of actin and myosin filaments
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The point of attachment for actin filaments that also serves as the borders of each sarcomere is the:
Z line
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The point of attachement for thick filaments which is the center of a sarcomere is the:
M line
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The part of the sarcomere where thin filaments overlap thick filaments is known as the:
zone of overlap
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Which part of the sarcomere only has thin filaments?
the I band
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The A band encompasses the entire length of _______ filaments in the sarcomere.
myosin (thick) filaments
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Name the part of the sarcomere that surrounds the M line and only contains thick filaments.
H band
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What type of ion channel is on the synaptic knob of the neuromuscular junction?
calcium
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What type of ion channel is on the muscle (post-synaptic) tissue of the neuromuscular junction?
sodium
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How is an isometric contraction different from an isotonic contraction?
an isometric contraction has no change in length while an isotonic contraction has a change in length
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What type of information is carried by the afferent nervous system?
sensory information
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What type of information is carried by the efferent nervous system?
motor commands
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Will neurons performing continuous propagation have myeline sheaths?
no, they will not
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List the four steps of continuous propagation.
- axon hillock depolarizes
- sodium ions diffuse along inside of the axon
- voltage-gated channels open and next segment depolarizes
- repeat process down the axon
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List the four steps of saltatory propagation.
- intial segment depolarizes
- sodium ions diffuse to node 1
- voltage channels open and depolarize node 1
- process repeat at node 2
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List the three meningeal layers of the brain.
- dura mater
- arachnoid mater
- pia mater
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What occurs in the dural sinus?
blood from the brain is returned to circulation
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What occurs in the arachnoid space?
circulation of spinal fluid
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What type of neurons travel through the dorsal root?
sensory neurons
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What type of neurons travel through the ventral root?
motor neurons
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The dorsal root and ventral root combine to form the:
spinal nerve
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