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The postively charged elementary particle in an atom is called:
proton
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A positively or negatively charged atom is called:
ion
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A single atom of hydrogen has how many protons?
1
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Six atoms of carbon in a glucose molecule are connected by
covalent bonds
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Molecules of water in a drop of liquid water are connected by
hydrogen bonds
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A single carbon atom can form a maximum of how many covalent bonds
4
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a single oxygen atom can form a maximum os how many covalent bonds
2
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a single hydrogen atom can form a maximum or how many coavlent bonds
2
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Which of the following is a hydroxyl group?
-OH
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Which of the dollowing is an amino group
-NH2
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Which of the following is a methyl group
-CH3
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Which of the following is a hydrocardon
gasoline
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which of the following is a sugar
lactose
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which of the following is a carbohydrate?
glucose
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Plant cells store carbohydrates as
starch
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human muscles and liver store carbohydrates as
glycogen
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which of the following is a lipid
oil
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which of the following is a protein
hemoglobin
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which of the following is a polysaccharide
starch
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Which of the following chemical elements are present in proteins
HONC
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Which of the following chemical elements are present in sugars?
OCH
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Which of the following building blocks (monomers) make up proteins?
amino acids
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Which of the following is a correct scheme of a protein molecule atoms connected by a peptide bond?
-N-C-C-
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Which of the following building blocks make up starch
glucose
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Which cell organelles contain dugestive enzymes for food digestion
lysosomes
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Which cell organelles perform protein synthesis?
ribosomes
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Which of the following contains DNA in human cells?
Nucleus
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Cell's plasma membrane is a double layer of
phospholipids
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Complex structures inside a cell are called
organelles
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Photosynthesis in a plant cell is performed inside its
chloroplast
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Cell wall of a plant cell is made of
carbohydrate
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Proteins in a cell are assembled following instructions from
DNA
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A plant cell has, by an animal cell does not have
cholorplasts
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What is the difference between prokaryotic (bacterial) and eukaryotic cells?
prokaryotic cells have DNA but no nucleus
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Cell biochemical reactions (metalbolism) are run by molecules called
enzymes
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The chemical grouup wihci has to be added to ADP to make ATP is a
amino group
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"P" in ATP stands for
phosphate
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Which chemical elements are found in ATP
PHONC
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Various molecules that act as enzymes to run your body's chemical reactions are
proteins
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A molecule whose shape is recognized by an enzyme is called
substrate
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Which of the following are likely to contain and use proteins
animals, bacteria, plants, humans. (All of the above)
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Which of the following monomers are building blocks of enzymes
amino acids
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The passice transport of a solute across a membrane is called
diffusion
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Which organelles perform energy harvesting in eukaryotic cells
mitchondria
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Energy harvesting that involves oxygen in living cells is called
cellular respiration
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The atmospheric gas which has to be supplied for most effective cellular respiration is
oxygen
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The oxygen from the glucose consumed in cellular respiration is exhausted as part of
carbon dioxide
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A common product of fermenation is a
lactic acid
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Which of the following stores energy harvested during cellular respiration
ATP
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An animal cell has an average size of
10-100 micrometers
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Which of the following processes generates carbohydrates
photosynthesis
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The pigment used for photosynthesis in a plant cell is called
chlorophyll
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The organelle used for photsythesis in a plant cell is called
cholorplast
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The organelle used for cellular respiration in a plant cell is called
mitochondrion
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Which is a source of carbon in photosynthesis
carbon dioxide
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Which molecule is the waste gas in photosynthesis
oxygen
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Which is the source of energy that is captured during photosynthesis
sunlight
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In Which of the following is photosynthesis found
bacteria, plants, and protista
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Which wavelengths of electromagnetic spectrum include visible light
400-700 nanometers
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What is another word for cell division of human body cells (somatic, or non-reproductive cells)
mitosis
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Which of the following contain genes in human body cells
chromosomes
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Where does mitosis take place
in all tissues that grow
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Where does meiosis take place
only in reproductive cells
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How many chromosomes does a human body cells (somatic, or non-reproductive cells) have
46
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How many chromosomes does a human cell have as a result of mitosis
46
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Which of the following is another name for a sperm cell
gamete
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Which of the following is another name for a fertilized human egg cell
zygote
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How many chromosomes does a human zygote have
23
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How many chromosomes are there in a human sperm cell
23
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How many homologous pairs of chromosomes are there in a normal human somatic (body) cell
2
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How many chromosomes does a dividing human cell have in the prophase I of meiosis
23
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How many chromatids does a dividing human cell have in the prophase I meiosis
92
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How many homologous pairs of chromosomes are there in a human cell that just completed the first stage of meiosis
none
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A cat's brain cell has 38 chromosomes. How many chromosomes does a cat's sperm cell have
19
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A dog's sperm cell has 39 chromosomes. How many chromosomes does a dog's zygote have
78
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How many X-Chromosomes does a normal human female somatic cell have
1
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How many X-Chromosomes does a normal human male somatic cell have
1
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How many X-Chromosomes does a normal human egg cell (female gamete) have
1
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How many Y-Chromosomes does a normal human female somatic cell have
none
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How many Y-Chromosomes does a normal human male somatic cell have
1
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How many Y-Chromosomes does a normal human egg cell have
none
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How many X-Chromosomes does normal human sperm cell have
either 1 or 2
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In a normal human male, the Y chromosome
is inherited from the father
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How many chromosomes does a down syndrome person have in a single body cell?
47
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Which of the following fertilizations is most likely to result in a down syndrome
a normal egg fertilized by a sperm with an extra chromosome 21
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In a human male with klinefelter syndrome (XXY), the extra chromosome
is inherited from father
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In a human female with turner syndrome (45 chromosomes), its only X chromosome
can be inherited from either parent
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Genes are made of
nucleotides
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Genes contain inherited instructions for making
Proteins
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An inherited sickle-cell anemia (SCA) disease, when expressed, involves changes in
DNA, hemoglobin, blood cells, organism. (All of the above)
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When did Watson and Crick discover DNA structure
1953
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Which of the following chemical elements are present in DNA
PHONC
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Which of the following nitrogenous bases are present in DNA
ATCG
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Which of the following nitrogenous bases is present in DNA but not in RNA
T
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A single nucleotide includes
base, sugar, phosphate
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Two paired bases on two opposite DNA strands are connected through
hydrogen bonds
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Which of the following is DNA synthesis
replication
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Which of the following are building blocks for DNA synthesis
nucleotides
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Which of the following serves as a template for DNA synthesis
DNA
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Where does DNA sythesis take place
in the nucleus
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Which of the following is RNA synthesis
transcription
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Which of the following are building blocks for RNA synthesis
nucleotides
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Which of the following nitrogenous base is present in RNA but not in DNA
U
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Which of the following serves as a template for RNA synthesis
DNA
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Where does RNA synthesis take place
in the nucleous
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Which of the following is protein synthesis
translation
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Which of the following are building blocks for protein synthesis
amino acids
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Which of the following contains genetic code
two of the above, proteins, dna?
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Which of the following serves as a temmplate for protein synthesis
mRNA
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Where does protein synthesis take place
on a ribosome
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Which molecule is brought by tRNA to the ribosome during protein synthesis
amino acid
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Which of the following is used during protein synthesis
RNA
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How many nucleotides are there in one codon
3
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How many different codons (triplets) coding for amino acids are there in the genetic code
61
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Which of the following serves as an "adapter" molecule for amino acids during tanslations
tRNA
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The organelle used for protein synthesis in the cell is called
ribosome
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In mRNA, what does "m" stand for
messenger
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One human mRNA molecule includes how many nucleotides
depends on gene's size
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In tRNA, what doe s"t" stand for
transfer
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What are exons made of
nucelotides
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What are introns made of
nucleotides
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How long is a protein assembled on mRNA that is 12,000 nucleotides long
4,000 amino acids
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How many genes are there in a human sperm cell
about 20,000
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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) can be described as an artificial
replication
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How many copies of a gene does PCR produce
about a million
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Which of the following are building blocks for restriction enzymes
amino acids
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Which of the following is now produced commerically by cloning and expressing a human gene in bacteria
factor VIII for hempheliacs
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Restriction enzymes are used in biotechnology as tools to
cut DNA
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A human gene can be cloned in bacteria
because of their DNA building blocks are the same
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An evolutionary adaptation, according to Darwin, is a result of
selection
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Insects that survived in a field treated by a strong pesticide
were selected by the pesticide, and will pass this resistence to their offspring
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Low genetic variability of some endangered species, such as the cheetah, are due to
bottleneck
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Directional natural selection
favors variants of one extreme
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In malaria-infected areas, natural selection maintains sickle-cell anemia allele because
the malarian parasite prefers to feed on normal hemoglobin
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