Chapter 9

Belief in souls or doubles

Postcolonial, acculturative, religious movements common in Melanesia that attempt to explain European domination and wealth and to achieve similar success magically by mimicking European behavior

In Wallace's typology, these religions have -- on addition to shamanic cults --- communal cults in which people organize community rituals such as harvest ceremonies and rites of passage

Intense communirt spirit , a feeling of great social solidarity, equality, and togetherness; characteristic of people experienceing liminality together

Customs and social actions that operate to reduce differences in wealth and thus to bring standouts in line with community norms

The critically important marginal or in-between phase of a rite of passage

Ue of supernatural techniques to accomplish specific aims

Sacred impersonal force in Melanesian and Plynesian religions

Worship of an eternal, omniscient, omnipotent, and omnipresent supreme being

In Wallace's typology, develop with state orginaization; have full-time religious specialists-- professional preisthoods

Belief in several deities who control aspects of nature

Beliefs and rituals concerned with supernatural beings, powers, and forces

Movements that occur in times of change, in which religious leaders emerge and undertake to alter or revitalize a society.

Culturally defined activies associated with the transition from one place or stage of life to another

Behavior that is formal, stylized, repetitive, and stereotyped, performed earnestly as a social act; rituals are held at set times and places and have liturgical orders

A part-time religious practitioner who mediates between ordinart people and supernatural beings and forces

Prohibition backed by supernatural sanctions