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Animism
Belief in souls or doubles
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Cargo Cults
Postcolonial, acculturative, religious movements common in Melanesia that attempt to explain European domination and wealth and to achieve similar success magically by mimicking European behavior
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Communal Religions
In Wallace's typology, these religions have -- on addition to shamanic cults --- communal cults in which people organize community rituals such as harvest ceremonies and rites of passage
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Communitas
Intense communirt spirit , a feeling of great social solidarity, equality, and togetherness; characteristic of people experienceing liminality together
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Leveling Mechanism
Customs and social actions that operate to reduce differences in wealth and thus to bring standouts in line with community norms
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Liminality
The critically important marginal or in-between phase of a rite of passage
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Magic
Ue of supernatural techniques to accomplish specific aims
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Mana
Sacred impersonal force in Melanesian and Plynesian religions
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Monotheism
Worship of an eternal, omniscient, omnipotent, and omnipresent supreme being
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Olympian Religions
In Wallace's typology, develop with state orginaization; have full-time religious specialists-- professional preisthoods
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Polytheism
Belief in several deities who control aspects of nature
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Religion
Beliefs and rituals concerned with supernatural beings, powers, and forces
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Revitalization Movements
Movements that occur in times of change, in which religious leaders emerge and undertake to alter or revitalize a society.
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Rites of Passage
Culturally defined activies associated with the transition from one place or stage of life to another
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Rituals
Behavior that is formal, stylized, repetitive, and stereotyped, performed earnestly as a social act; rituals are held at set times and places and have liturgical orders
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Shaman
A part-time religious practitioner who mediates between ordinart people and supernatural beings and forces
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Taboo
Prohibition backed by supernatural sanctions
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