Chapter 9

The study of heredity

The transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring

Genetically determined varient of characteristics

occurs when pollen grains produced in the male reproductive parts (anthers) are transferred to the female reproductive parts (stigma)

Between the flowers of the same plant

Between flowers of two plants

Organisms or genotypes that are homozygous for a specific trait and will always produce the same phenotype

the parental generation

the offspring of the P generation

Second filial generation

two or more alternate forms of genes

the allele that is fully expressed

the factor with no observable effect on the phenotype

States that a pair of factors is segregated or seperated during the formation of gametes

States that the factors seperated independently from one another during the formation of gamets

the study of the structure and function of chromosomes and genes

• An organism's genetic makeup
• consists of alleles inherited from parents

• An organism's appearance
• doesn't always indicate genotype
• can be affected by certain enviromental factors

• When both alleles of a pair alike
• can be hozygous dominant or homozygous recessive

When both alleles are different

• the likelihood of a specific event occuring
• often expressed as a decimal, ratio, fraction or percent

a cross of one characteristics

a diagram used to predict the probability of inherited trait in the offspring

Ratio of genotype that appear in an offspring

The ratio of the offspring's phenotype

the crossing of individual unknown genotype with homozygous recessive individual to determine unknown genotype

one allele that is completely dominant over another

when the phenotype of a hetrozygote is indeterimed; the dominant trait is unable to express fully

When both alleles for a gene is expressed through a hetrozygous offspring

when two characteristics are crossed