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Genetics
The study of heredity
Heredity
The transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring
Trait
Genetically determined varient of characteristics
Pollination
occurs when pollen grains produced in the male reproductive parts (anthers) are transferred to the female reproductive parts (stigma)
Self-pollination
Between the flowers of the same plant
Cross-pollination
Between flowers of two plants
True-breeding
Organisms or genotypes that are homozygous for a specific trait and will always produce the same phenotype
P generation
the parental generation
F1 generation
the offspring of the P generation
F2 generation
Second filial generation
Allele
two or more alternate forms of genes
Dominant factor
the allele that is fully expressed
recessive factor
the factor with no observable effect on the phenotype
Law of Segregation
States that a pair of factors is segregated or seperated during the formation of gametes
Law of Independent Assortment
States that the factors seperated independently from one another during the formation of gamets
Molecular genetics
the study of the structure and function of chromosomes and genes
Genotype
An organism's genetic makeup
consists of alleles inherited from parents
phenotype
An organism's appearance
doesn't always indicate genotype
can be affected by certain enviromental factors
Homozygous
When both alleles of a pair alike
can be hozygous dominant or homozygous recessive
Hetrozygous
When both alleles are different
Probability
the likelihood of a specific event occuring
often expressed as a decimal, ratio, fraction or percent
Monohybrid cross
a cross of one characteristics
Punnet square
a diagram used to predict the probability of inherited trait in the offspring
Genotype ratio
Ratio of genotype that appear in an offspring
phenotype ratio
The ratio of the offspring's phenotype
testcross
the crossing of individual unknown genotype with homozygous recessive individual to determine unknown genotype
Complete dominance
one allele that is completely dominant over another
incomplete dominance
when the phenotype of a hetrozygote is indeterimed; the dominant trait is unable to express fully
Comdominance
When both alleles for a gene is expressed through a hetrozygous offspring
dihybrid cross
when two characteristics are crossed
Author
isabel
ID
123183
Card Set
Chapter 9
Description
The Fundamentals of Genetics
Updated
12/13/2011, 12:11:58 AM
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