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What causes decreased patency of the arterial supply to the lower extremities leading to claudation, ischemia and potential limb loss?
Peripheral Vascular Disease- PVD
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Risk factors for PVD are anything that ________ blood flow.
slows. "compromised integrity". HTN, obesity, diet, stress, tobacco use, sedentary lifestyle
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What is Atherosclerosis?
Formation of plaque
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What is Arteriosclerosis?
Hardening of the arteries
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What is the most common cause of arterial occlusion?
atherosclerosis & arteriosclerosis
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What is a localized dilation of an artery leading to pressure on surrounding tissues?
Aneurysm
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Rupture of an aneurysm is an ________ situation.
Emergent
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What are the s/s of and AAA?
back pain, decreased BP and decreased H&H.
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Where can an AAA extend to?
The renal arteries
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What are the s/s of a Thoracic aortic aneurysm?
usually no symptoms. May have deep, diffuse CP, Hoarseness, dysphagia, distended neck vein and edema in the head and arms.
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What is the treatment of aneurysms?
<5 cm treat with an antihypertensive. re-evaluate in 6 months. >5 cm surgery with a synthetic graft.
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What is the most important nursing intervention for s/p AAA sx?
Monitor tissue perfusion distal to the graft site.
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This problem is usually sudden and dramatic it is most commonly caused by an emboli that originates in the heart from a previous MI or A-fib. There is no blood flow to the area below the clot.
Acute arterial occlusion
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What is the assessment for an acute arterial occlusion?
The pt will c/o severe pain. Assess the 6 P's of ischemia. Compare to the baseline of the leg and to the other leg. Monitor heparin therapy and report changes immediately.
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What is the treatment for an acute arterial occlusion?
Heparin or a thrombectomy/embolectomy
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A disease where the extremities are deprived of oxygen for longer periods of time, seen more often in men>50 and post menopausal women. It is usually in the legs but can be in the arms.
Chronic arterial occlusion
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