Chapter 14

  1. When judges interject their own values into
    their interpretation of cases, what are they practicing?





    E. judicial activism
  2. What do we call the power to declare acts of
    Congress invalid?





    C. judicial review
  3. Why was Alexander Hamilton in favor of judicial
    review?





    A. Justices needed to check the power of legislative oppression.
  4. What system ensured that federal judges could be
    independent of popular influences?





    C. lifetime appointments
  5. Which level of the federal courts system hears no
    cases of original jurisdiction?





    C. federal appellate courts
  6. Which of the following terms is used to describe
    a judicial ruling that serves as the basis for the ruling in a subsequent case?

    a. stare decisis
    b. nolo contendre
    c. precedent
    d. argument
    e. concurrence
    c. precedent
  7. What do we call a court case stemming from a dispute
    over an accident, contract, or divorce?





    B. civil case
  8. What is the term for the bias in favor of
    precedents or existing decisions?





    E. stare decisis
  9. Approximately how many new civil and criminal
    cases did our federal district courts get in 2006?





    B. 325,000 or so
  10. On what basis are appeals made?





    C. rulings and procedure of trial court
  11. Which of the following is true about the chief
    justice?





    B. assigns opinions when voting with the majority
  12. Bush v. Gore demonstrated that
    conservative judges may practice





    E. judicial activism.
  13. What tactics do justices use to mold their
    colleagues’ views?

    a. racism
    b bribery
    c. assault
    d. swearing
    e. none of the above
    e. none of the above
  14. In what two types of cases can the Supreme Court
    hold original jurisdiction?

    a. cases in which a state is a party and those involving
    ambassadors
    b. cases involving ambassadors and elected officials
    c. cases of civil liberties and civil rights
    d. cases in which a state is a party and those involving elected officials
    e. none of the above
    • a. cases in which a state is a party and those involving
    • ambassadors
  15. Which of the following are needed to win a seat
    on the federal bench?





    D. presidential nomination and approval by the Senate
  16. Approximately how many laws have been declared
    unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court?





    E. 150 or more
  17. What term do we use to describe the petitions
    sent to the Supreme Court for their consideration?





    A. plea bargaining petition
  18. What official has the vital role of representing
    the U.S. government before the Supreme Court?





    A. solicitor general
  19. Which of the following must be true in order for
    a state case to come before the Supreme Court?

    a. Appeals in the state court system must be
    exhausted.
    b. It must raise a legal question.
    c. It must receive approval from the president.
    d. All of the above.
    e. None of the above.
    • a. Appeals in the state court system must be
    • exhausted.
  20. Who determines the docket of the U.S. Supreme
    Court?





    E. Supreme Court
  21. What is the current salary of an associate Supreme Court justice?





    B. $241,000
  22. What is the term used for the disagreement with
    a majority decision by a justice?

    a. dissent
    b. concurrence
    c. ex post facto
    d. stare decisis
    e. nolo contendre
    a. dissent
  23. With major law firms offering $1 million or more
    to equity partners, why would anyone want to become a federal judge?





    B. power and prestige of the office
  24. What political term is used to describe a norm
    under which a nomination must be acceptable to the home state senator from the president’s party?





    E. senatorial courtesy
  25. Which legal entity had the ability to prescreen
    judicial candidates in the past and still rates them today after their nomination?





    B. American Bar Association
  26. amicus curiae brief
    a brief filed by an individual or group that is not a party to legal action but has an interest in in
  27. appellate jurisdiction
    authority of a court to hear cases that have already been examined in other courts
  28. civil case
    case involving a private dispute
  29. class action
    procedure by which similar litigants may be heard in a single lawsuit
  30. common (judge-made) law
    legal precedents derived from previous judicial decision
  31. concurrence
    agreement of a judge w/ court's majority decision for a reason OTHER than majority reason
  32. criminal case
    case involving a crime
  33. dissent
    disagreement of a judge w/ a majority decision
  34. docket
    court's agenda
  35. federal question
    issue covered by Constitution, national laws, or treaties
  36. judicial activism
    philosophy where judges interperet existing laws loosely & include their own values in court decisions
  37. judicial restraint
    philosophy where judges follow closely to statutes & precedents
  38. judicial review
    power to declare congressional & presidential acts invalid because it violates the Constitution
  39. original jurisdiction
    authority of a court to hear a case first
  40. plea bargain
    defendant's admission of guilt in exchange for a less severe punishment
  41. precedent
    judicial ruling that serves as the basis for a ruling in a subsequent case
  42. rule of four
    unwritten rule that requires 4 justices to agree that a case warrents consideration before it is reviewed by U.S. Supreme Court
  43. senatorial courtesy
    practice where Senate doesn't confirm for a lower federal court judgeship a nominee who is opposed by the senior senator in the president's party in the nominee's state
  44. solicitor general
    • 3rd highest ranking official in U.S. Department of Justice
    • represents nat. gov. before supreme court
  45. stare decisis
    • "let the decision stand"
    • decision making according to precedent
  46. U.S. Court of Appeals
    • w/i 2nd tier of federal court system
    • decisions may be appealed for review
  47. U.S. District Court
    • court w/i lower tier
    • where litigation begins
  48. A criminal case involves





    C) a violation of public order
  49. Most cases enter the S.C. through
    its appellate jurisdiction
  50. The individual who represents the nat. gov. before the S.C. holds the position of





    D) solicitor general
Author
Anonymous
ID
124102
Card Set
Chapter 14
Description
FINAL
Updated