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MrsLuthor
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Define: Binomial nomenclature
A method of naming organsims by using two names - the Genus and the species names. Genus species names are always italicized.
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Taxon Catagories
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
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Eubacteria
- Characteristics:
- Prokaryotic
- Either autotrophic or heterotrophic
- Reproduce asexually
- Live nearly anywhere
- Can cause disease
Cell Wall: Contains peptidoglycan
Examples: Bacteria, Cyanobacteria
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Archaebacteria
- Characteristics:
- Prokaryotic
- Hetertroph or Autotroph
- Live in salt lakes, hot springs, animal digestive tracts
- Do not cause disease
Cell Wall: Does not contain peptidoglycan
Examples: Methogens, Halophiles, Thermophiles
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Protists
- Characteristics:
- Mostly single-celled
- Eukaryotic
- Some Autotroph, Some Heterotroph, Some Both
- Reproduce sexually & asexually
- Live in aquatic/moist environtment
Cell Wall: Absent
Examples: Algae, Protozoa
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Fungi
- Characteristics:
- Multicellular
- Heterotrophs
- Reproduce asexually & sexually
- Terrestrial
Cell Wall: Contains Chitin
Examples: Mushrooms, Yeast, Bread Moulds
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Plantae
- Characteristics:
- Multicellular
- Autotroph
- Reproduce sexually & asexually
- Terrestrial
Cell Wall: Contains cellulose
Examples: Mosses, Ferns, Trees, Flowering Plants
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Animalia
- Characteristics:
- Multicellular
- Heterotrophs
- Reproduce sexually
- Terrestrial & Aquatic environments
Examples: Sponges, Worms, Lobsters, Starfish, Humans
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Define: Virus
A microscopic particle capable of reproducing only within living cells.
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Define: Host Range
The limited number of host species, tissues, or cells that a virus or other parasite can infect.
ex: only cows & humans, or only pigs and cows.
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Define: Lysogeny
The dormant state of a virus.
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Define: Antibiotics
A chemical produced synthetically or by microorganisms that inhibits the growth of or destroys certain other microorganisms.
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Define: Vaccines
A suspension prepared from dead or weakend viral or bacterial cells.
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Why aren't viruses part of the six-kingdom classification system
The taxon system is created to organize all living things. Viruses aren't alive.
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Define: Lysis
The destruction or bursting open of a cell.
ex: wjem am omvadomg voris replicates in a bacterium and many viruses are released by breaking out of the cell.
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Lytic Cycle
Virus attaches to a host cell and injects its own genetic material into the host cell. The host cell then follows the genetic instructions from the virus to make more virus parts and assemble more viruses. Once the host cell is full of new viruse particles, they break out of the host cell, subsequantly killing the host cell and releasing many virus particles into the host body.
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Lysogenic Cycle
The virus does not kill the host cell immediately. Instead of taking over, it's nucleix acid becomes integrated into the bacterium's DNA and acts as an additional set of genes on the host chomosomes. During this period, the virus seems to be in a dormant state. Dormat viruses can be activated by stimulis.
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DNA Viruses
- Poxvirus: Small Pox
- Varicella-Zoster: Chicken Pox
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RNA Viruses
- Rhinovirus: Common Cold
- Retrovirus: HIV/AIDS
- Coronavirus: SARS
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Identifying Bacteria
- 1. Gram Staining
- 2. Shape
- 3. Configuration
- 4. Respiration
- 5. Nutrition
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Gram Staining
Positive: maintains crystal violet staining signifying peptidoglycan in the cell wall.
Negative: maintains safrinin (red) staining signifying no peptidoglycan in the cell wall.
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