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Stevietbeme
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The branch of biological science that studies the external and internal structure of the body and the physical relationship among body parts is called
Anatomy
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The branch of biological science that deals with the study of how living organisms preform their vital functions is called
Physiology
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The tendency for physiological systems to stabalize internal conditions is called
homeostasis
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Name the 3 anatomical planes and descriptions of each.
Sagital;left or right. Frontal(coronal) Dorsal-ventral; Posterior-Anterior; Superior-inferior; Transverse
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The common term for the buccal region
cheek
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The common name for the carpal region
the wrist
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The common name for the Pollex
thumb
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common name: patella
knee cap
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electrons around outside
electron cloud
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Electrons in atom occupy orderly series of electron shells
energy levels
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actual mass of atom
atomic weight
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Ions with a positive charge
cation
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ions with a negative charge
anion
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atoms of the same element whose nuclei contain the same number of protons but different numbers of nuetrons are called
isotopes
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accelerate chemical reactions
enzymes
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molecules are comounds that contain carbon as primary structure
organic
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compounds do not usually contain carbon
inorganic
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soluble inorganic compounds whose solutions will conduct an electric current
electrolyte
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molecules that do not readily dissolve in water
hydrophobic
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negative logarithm of H+concentration
pH
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molecule DNA contain what five carbon sugar
deoxyribose
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cytoplasm consist of
cystol and organelles
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cells of the body except reproductive
somatic
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ribosomes composed of what protein
rRna
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nucleus is surrounded by
nuclear envelope
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cell membrane is
selectivley premiable
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nuclear division of somatic cell
mitosis
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physical process by whicha siingle animal cell spereates into two
cytokinesis
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physical process by which cells become specialized
differentiation
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fluid component of conective tissue
ground substance
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combination of fibers and gound substance in supporting connective tissue
matrix
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watery component of blood
plasma
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epithelia and connective tussue combine to form +++++ that cover and protect other structures and tissuesin the body
body membrane
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function to propogate electrical signals from one place to another
neuron
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study of tissue
histology
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gland cells produce
secretions
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support, protect, and nourish nerve cells
neuroglia
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secretions are released by the gland cells into interstitial space
endocrine
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defense cells in blood are called WBC or
leukocytes
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three kinds of formed elements of blood
RBC, WBC, Platlettes
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condition known as erythema, skin is
reddish
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pigment in vegetabkes that can make skin orange
carotene
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hairs are produced within organs called
hair follicles
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fine hairs lack pigment, over most of body
vellus hair
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coarse, pigmented hair
terminal hair
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substance cakked sebum
skin oil
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may be required if epithelial cell migration cannot cover wound
skin graft
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most dangerous skin cancer
malignant melanoma
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bruise turns blackand blue because
broken vessel in dermis
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the shaft of long bones
diaphysis
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matrix in spongy bone
trabeculae
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sum of all chemical reaction in body
metabolism
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homeostatic mechanisms act through ++++ feedback
negative
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provide info about spec. conditions in internal environment
receptors
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heart, esophogous,trechea and thymus are all in
meiastimim
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caviy contains teeth and tounge
oral
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cavity is part of abdominal pelvic cavity that contains terminal portion of large intestine, urinary bladder,ect
pelvic
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defined as anything that has weight and takes up space
matter
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chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons is called
covelant
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chemicals resistant the pH change
buffers
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building blocks of nucleic acids
nucleotides
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part of enzyme that combines with specific part of substrate is
active site
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cellular respiration occurs in three distinct, yet interconnected series of reactions. what order
Glycolysis, citric acid, electron transport chain
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glycolysis is +++++ phase of celular respiration, no oxygen
anaerobic
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phases of cell cycle
interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis
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membrane onlung surface
visceral pluera
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part that is above another
superior
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section that seperates the body into left and right portions
sagital
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anatomical position, describe
standing erect with feet forward
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analysis of internal sturcture of individual cells is called
cytology
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which of the following is aranged correctly complex to simpe, tissue, cellular, molecule, organ, system, organism
organism, system,organ, tissue, cell, molecule
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organ system provides support, protection, mineral storage, and blood formation
skeletal
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which organ system transports nuturients,waste, gases,defense cells
cardiovascular
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which organ system incliudes spleen and tonsils
lymphatic
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kidneys and ureters in what system
urinary
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pituitary gland and throid gland are organs in
endocrine
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which organ system removes carbon dioxide from blood
respiratory
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lungs are to respiratory as liver is to
digestive
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skin, hair, nails
integumentary
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a person facing foreward with hands at sides and palms forward
anatomical position
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an anatomical term that means the same as ventral
anterior
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In anatomical reference, the heart is +++ to the lungs
medial
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the wrist is +++ to the elbow
distal
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The chin is ++++ to the nose
inferior
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what region corresponds to the buttocks
gluteal
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what term refers to the foot
pedal
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the muscle knownasthe diaphram seperates the +++ cavity from the ++++ cavity
thorcic, adominopelvic
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the thoracic cavity contains
heart, lungs, esophogus, trachea
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serous membrane directly covering the stomach and most of the intestines is called
periosteum
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if a response decreases
- feedback
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if a response increases
+ feedback
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a cell or organ that responds to commands from the cns in negative feedback is
effector, muscle, gland
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what is the mediastinm
cavity between lungs
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the right plueral cavity contains
right lung
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what organs in the abdominal cavity
stomach, small intestine, spleen, pancreas
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the visceral pericardium is located
on the heart inself
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the smalleststable unit of matter
atom
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the atomic number of an atom is determined by the numberof +++ it has
protons
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isotopes of an element differ in the number of
nuetrons
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the mass number represents the number of
protons and nuetrons
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the innermost electron shell in an atom hold up to +++++ electrons
2
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the atomic weight of an atom reflects the average number of
protons nuetrons and electrons
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radioisotopes have unstable
nuclei
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the chemical behavior of an atom is determined by
outermost shell
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ions with a + charge are called +++++, a - charge is +++++
cation, anion
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the weakest bond between two atoms is
hydrogen
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ionic bonds are formed when
electrons are completely transferred from one to another
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in a molecule of nitrogen, three pairs of electrons are shared by two nitrongen atoms. this is a
triple covelant bond
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if a pair of electrons is unequally shared
polar covelant bond
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elements that have atoms with full outer shells
inert gas, no reaction
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AB-A,B is decomp a,b-AB is
synthesis
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when the reactants are inchanges to make new products, what tpe of reaction
exchange reaction
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enzmes are what kind of organic compound? they function as? lower ----- energy,
proteins,catalyst, activation
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what make organic compounds, main 4?
C+H, carbs lipids proteins nucleic acids
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why is water soimportant
high heat capacity, dissolves many substances due to polarity
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a soultion containing equal numbers of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is
nuetral
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what makes a substance acidic
ph less than 7
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if a substance has a pH that is greater than 7
basic, alkaline
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in chemical notation, the symbol Ca2+ means
a calciumhas lost 2 electrons
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joint between trap and metacarpal is what kind
saddle
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type of joint between caprals
gliding
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foot movement enables ballerina to stand on her foot
plantar felxion
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dense layer of connective tissue around skeletal muscle
epimysium
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delicate connective tissue sourrounds skeletal muscle and attaches muscle to bone
tendon
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bundle of collagen fibers at end of skeletol muscle that attaches muscle to bone
endomyseum
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advantage of having man nuclei in skeletal muscle fiber
produce large amounts of protein for growth
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plasma membrane of skeletak muscle
sarcolema
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Repeating unit of skeletal musce
sarcomere
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in response to action potentials arriving alon
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