Structures and rigging fixed wing

Early planes used what kind of structure?

Which type of structure carries all the structural loads on its skin?

The most common structural design for modern aircraft , where the loads are carried by stringers formers and bulkheads are?

What type of fuselage uses sub-structure to stiffen the skin?

A structure that is built with more than one path for stresses , so that a crack will not destroy the structure.

The angle formed between the relative wind and the chord of the wing is called?

Air passing across an airfoil will create a _______ pressure above the wing.

What attaches to the spars to give the wing its aerodynamic shape?

The center of lift is usually located____ the center of gravity

Fabric covered aircraft usually have a _____ -type structure

The steel wire that runs from the front spar inboard to the rear spar outboard in a truss-type wing as called?

A wing which has no external supports or struts is called?

Milled skins for high speed aircraft may be produced 3 ways,
1. conventional milling

Laminated materials such as bonded honeycomb are used for aircraft structure because they provide maximum ____ and a favorable strength to weight ratio.

Control surfaces are balanced so that their center of gravity is (ahead of or behind) the hinge line.

Stiffness of the thin sheet metal covering for a control surface may be increased by_____ the metal.

The three primary flight controls are:

On jet transport airplanes equipped with inboard and outboard ailerons , which is used in high-speed flight?

The device that destroys lift over a part of the wing is called?

The primary purpose of a winglet is to improve _____ by reducing _____ by diffusing the _____.

Pairs of low aspect ratio airfoil sections mounted on the upper surface of the wing to prevent shock induced seperation are called?

The assembly of the tail section of the aircraft is called the?

The extension of the vertical stabilizer that may extend nearly to the cabin section is known as?

a movable horizontal stabilizer is known as?

A stabilator has a (servo / anti-servo) tab.

The movable surfaces on a v-tail design are known as?

The main body of the aircraft is known as the?

In a (pratt/warren) truss fuselage, the stays carry only the tensile loads.

Both tensile and compressive loads are carried by the diagonal members of a (Pratt/Warren) truss.

Cowl flaps are usually (open/closed) during ground runs.

The ailerons rotate an airplane around its _______ axis.

Elevators rotate the airplane around its _______axis.

Rudders rotate the airplane around its _______ axis.

What is used to overcome the effects of aileron drag?

Two types of stability exhibited by aircraft?

Movable horizontal tail surfaces are called?

When the control wheel of aircraft is moved back, the trailing edge of elevator moves?

If you push the control stick forward, the trailing edge of the stabilator will move?

To bank an airplane to the right, the right aileron moves?

The two ailerons bellcranks are connected by a?

The temporary movement of the nose of the aircraft towards the wing that is rising at the beginning of a turn is caused by?

Which aileron has a greater travel, the one moving up or the one moving up?

What type of aileron has its hinge line far enough back that its leading edge protrudes below the wing surface when the airelon is raised?

Stabilators are normally equiped with (servo/anti-servo) tabs

When plain flaps are lowered , the wing camber is increased or decreased?

When flaps are lowered both the lift and the ____ are increased.

What kind of flap rides out on the trailing edge of the wing on tracks and increase the area of wing as well as its camber?

A balance tab moves in the (same/opposite) direction as the control surface.

Many aircraft use rudder-aileron _____ _____ to compensate for aileron drag.

What type of flaps are used to prevent airflow from breaking away from the upper surface of the wings when the flaps are fully extended?

What is usually mounted on the control surface to compensate for an out of trim condition?

Fairleads (may or may not) be used to change direction of a cable.

Control cables should be checked for what 2 defects?

A leading edge flap increases the ____ of the wing.

Ideally the wing should stall at the (root or tip)?

A lifting device at the front of the aircraft that replaces the horizontal stabilizer?

A popular device to control wingtip vortices in high speed aircraft are?

What is used to stop the spanwise flow of air across the wing?

Wing tip vortices increase drag and reduce lift at _____ speeds and ____ angles of attack

Stall strips are placed at the leading edge of the wing where?

Hydraulicly boosted control systems use (reversible or irreversible) control inputs to prevent buffeting being fed back to the pilot.

What 2 devices are used by the 747 for lateral control?

The Boeing 747 has how many independent rudders?

Wings are said to be ______ when it is rigged to reduce its angle of incidence and lift.

Some aircraft aileron systems are rigged so that both ailerons are a few degrees below the trailing edge of the wing when there are no airloads, this is known as?

When percentage of full cable strength does a nicopress have?
and a woven splice?

Cable terminal end proof load test is done at what percentage of cable break strength?

How many threads should be exposed on turnbuckle ends for it to have 100% strength?

When safety wiring a turnbuckle, how many wraps of lockwire should be around the shank?

If you can push lockwire through the witness hole of a rod-end witness hole it is not screwed in far enough. true or false

When assembling a bi-plane the (lower or upper) panels should be installed first?

Streamlined wires used on biplanes between the interplane strut and the lower wing are called?

The structure of a jet is weakened over time by ?

The difference between the angle of incidence of the lower and upper wing of a bi-plane is called ?

When the top wing of a bi-plane is ahead of the lower wing it is said to have _______ stagger?

The metal most often used in the construction of civilian aircraft is heat treated _____ alloy.

The 2 basic types of sheet metal structure used are?

A repair to an aircraft structure must restore its original? (3 things)