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Common Bacteria causing Meningitis
- 1. Neisseria meningitidis
- 2. Haemophilus influenzae
- 3. Streptococcus pneumoniae
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Emergency Treatment of Bacterial Meningitis
- 1. High Flow O2
- 2. IVI
- 3. Ceftriaxone IV (2weeks)
- 4. Dexamethasone 10mg IV 6hrly
- 5. Identifiy foci of infection and treat eg. sinusitis
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Symptoms of Meningitis
- 1. Fever
- 2. Severe Headache, Photophobia
- 3. Nausea, Vomitting
- 4. Drowsy, Confused, Coma
- 5. Seizures
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Signs of Meningitis
- 1. Neck stiffness (Nuchal rigidity)
- 2. Kernig's Sign (extension of knee painful when hip is 90)
- 3. Brudzinski's Sign (bend knees of lifting pt's head when supine)
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Clues of Suspected Meningococcal Meningitis
(Neisseriae meningitidis)
- 1. Epidemics
- 2. Rapid evolution of features
- 3. Purpuric/ Petechial Rash (does not blanch on pressing with glass slide)
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Clues of Suspected Pneumococcal Meningitis
(Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- Preceeded by infection of :
- lungs
- ears
- sinuses
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Cluses to suspected Haemophilus Meningitis
(Haemophilus Influenzae)
- 1. Child
- 2. Preceeded by:
- - URTI
- - Ear Infection
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Complications of meningitis
- 1. Pia-Arachnoiditis- headache, neck stiffness
- 2. Sub-pial Encephalopathy - confusion, coma, convulsions
- 3. Inflammation/ vascular Leison of CN (Occular palsy/ Facial Weakness/ Deafness)
- 4. Meningeal Fibrosis (around On/ SC/ Roots)- focal seizures and deficits eg. impairment of speach
- 5. Thrombosis of Meningeal Veins (focal seizures and deficits)
- 6. Extensive Venous/Arterial Infarction
- 7. Hydrocephalus
- 8. Sub-dural Effusion
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