cellbiology.txt

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mc extracellular anion

Cl
Na/K atpase exchange factor

3 Na out 2 K in
concentration of K inside cells

150mEq/L
cell to cell junctions that anchor cells

desmosomes
gap junctions composed of

two connexon subunits
how do G proteins differ from tyrosine kinases

G proteins are intramembrane and are not a single unit receptor/response enzyme
where do thyroid and steroid hormones bind receptors
- thyroid-nucleus
- steroids- cytoplasm
initiation factors bind

RNA polymerase
growth factors affect the cell during what cycle

G1
determines cell cylce length

G1
what is done during the S phase

protein synthesis and DNA synthesis
gluconeogenesis occurs where
- liver in cytoplasm
- to a lesser extent the kidney
breakdown product of fat metabolism

acetyl CoA
breakdown product of TAGs

glycerol (which can be used in gluconeogenesis)
smooth er does what
- lipid and steroid synthesis
- drug detox
function of golgi apparatus

modifies proteins with carbohydrates
fate of proteins in golgi

to cell membrane, then either secreted or targeted to the lysosome
intermediate filaments
- keratin
- desmin (muscle)
- vimentin (fibroblasts)
Protein Kinase C is activated by

Ca and DAG
acetylcholine activates what in the parietal cell

phospholipase and ultimately phosphorylase kinase
histamine works on what system in the parietal cell

adenylate cyclase---protein kinase