cardiac.txt

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1st sign of CHF in newborns

hepatomegaly
sxs of CHF
- hepatomegaly
- FTT
- tachycardia
- tachypnea
- recurrent pulmonary infxns
initial treatment for CHF

lasix and digoxin
what are causes of R to L shunts
- tetrology of Fallot
- transposition
- truncus arteriosus
- tricuspid atresia
ways to make sure pt has pulmonary blood flow in R to L shunts
- PGE-1
- Balloon atrial septostomy
when do large VSDs usually cause sxs

after 4-6 wks of life
MC reason for early repair of VSD

FTT
contraindication for asd/vsd repair

PVR > 8 woods units not reversible with vasodilators
timing of repair for VSDs
- shunt > 2.5- 1 year
- shunt 2-2.5- 5 yrs
timing of ASD repairs

1-2yrs
morphological abnormality of tetrology

ant displacement of infundibular septum
medical tx of tetrology

b blocker
timing of repair in tetrology

3-6mo
timing of repair in transposition
- no vsd then 1-2 weeks
- vsd 1-2 mo
tricuspid atresia need what procedure

Fontan
manifestation of vascular rings

recurrent pulmonary/trachea infxns and dysphagia
MCC of death in US

CAD
indications for CABG
- left main or equivalent
- 3 vessel
- 2 vessel + EF < 50% or extensive ischemia
- 1 or 2 vessel with large area of viable myocardium and high risk or unstable angina/arrhythmias/ongoing ischemia depsite max med therapy
tx of vsr or papillary mm rupture post MI
- IABP
- VSR-patch
- papillary mm- replace valve
MC valve lesion

AS
indications for surgery in asx AS

valve area <0.6 cm²
indications for repair in asx AR
- ef < 50
- LV dilatation (LVED>70mm)or
- Aortic root dilatation >4.5
usually the first procedure in MS

balloon commissurotomy
MS is at high risk for

mural thrombi and subsequent cerebral embolization
MCC of MR

myxomatous degeneration
indications for repairing asx MR
- EF,60 or
- LV dilatation
- Pulm HTN
- A fib
criteria for endocarditis
- major- + blood cxs, + ECHO
- Minor
- - new or changing murmur
- - vascular sxs
- -progressive CHF
- -Fever
- -predisposing RFs
- -immune signs
MC site for endocarditis

Aortic valve
MC IVDA organism

pseudomonas
abx for endocarditis
- vanc
- gent
- + rifampin if prosthetic valve
tx for periprocedureral endocarditis proph

1st gen ceph starting 1 day prior to procedure
initial treatment of acute heart failure
- Lasix
- morphine
- nitrate
- oxygen
- position in sitting position
ideal clinical parameters in acute heart failure
- MAP > 60
- CI 2.2
- SVR < 800
- wedge 15-20
when are AICDs considered in CHF

EF < 30-35%
MC for nontraumatic intimal tear

ascending
what is the anatomic cutoff of type A and B

innominate cutoff
spinal cord ischemia seen in repair of aneurysms secondary to

ligation of intercostal arteries and/or artery of adamkiewicz
MCC of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms

cystic medial necrosis
indication for repair of ascending TAA
- sxs
- increases in size > 0.5cm/yr
- >5.5cm
MCC of descending aortic aneurysms

atherosclerosis
indications for repair of descending TAA
- sxs
- increase in size > 0.5 cm/yr
- >6.5 cm
RFs for rupture of aneurysms
- women
- smoking
- HTN
Key maneuver in MAZE procedure

pulmonary vein isolation
branches of internal mammary

musculophrenic and sup epigastric
first sign of cardiac tamponade on echo

right atrial diastolic compression
MC primary malignant tumor of heart

angiosarcoma
MC pediatric cardiac tumor

rhabdomyoma
what should you avoid in HOCM

inotropes
indications for reexploration with mediastinal bleeding
- >500cc over 1st hour
- >250cc/h over 4 hrs

Author:	nsmallwood
ID:	125603
Card Set:	cardiac.txt
Updated:	2012-01-02T04:17:21Z
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Description:	cardiac
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