Medical-Surgical Nursing

a change or alteration designed to assist in adapt-ing to a new situation or environment

a hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that stimulates the secretion of cortisol and other hormones by the adrenal cortex

a hormone secreted by the pos-terior lobe of the pituitary gland that constricts blood vessels, elevates blood pressure, and reduces the excretion of urine

any of the group of amines (such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, or dopamine) that serve as neurotransmitters

the cognitive and behavioral strategies used to manage the stressors that tax a person’s resources

bizarre cell growth resulting in cells that differ in size, shape, or arrangement from other cells of the same tissue type

the group of steroid hormones, such as corti-sol, that are produced by the adrenal cortex; they are involved in carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism and have anti-inflammatory properties

the formation of glucose by the liver from noncarbohydrate sources, such as amino acids and the glycerol portion of fats

the mindful use of a word, phrase, or visual image to achieve relaxation or direct attention away from uncomfortable sensations or situations

a steady state within the body; the stability of the internal environment

an increase in the number of new cells of a tissue

inadequate supply of oxygen to the cell

a localized, protective reaction of tissue to in-jury, irritation, or infection, manifested by pain, redness, heat, swelling, and sometimes loss of function

• a cell transformation in which there is conversion of one type of mature cell into another type of
• cell

feedback that decreases the output of a system

feedback that increases the output of a system

a stable condition that does not change overtime, or when change in one direction is balanced by change in an opposite direction

a disruptive condition that occurs in response to adverse influences from the internal or external environments