Bacteria

• Hfr serves as donors of chromosomal DNA.
• A type of conjugation (plasmids from one bacterium to another)

F+ plasmid can be incorporated into bacteria chromosol DNA, termed Hfr cell.

Order of tranfer from Hfr (F+) to F- is from oriT to tra operon.

• PUNCH!
• Proteus
• Ureaplasma
• Nocardia (acid-fast, causes
• Cryptococcus (fungus, not bacteria)
• H. Pylori

• Acid-Fast Staining Organism. Found in soil.
• Causes Systemic or Pulmonary Disease, Endocarditis, Cutaneous nocarditis more common in immunocompetant hosts.

know them