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pterygium
Benign growth of the conjunctiva. Medial side usually.
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arcus senilis
- White or grey opaque ring in the corneal margin that can be caused by high cholesterol in the blood.
- Appears similar to limbus sign which deals with calcium.
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Contraindications for mydriatic drops
- 1. Head injury and coma, where continous observation of pupillary rxn is important.
- 2. Any suspicion of narrow-angle glaucoma.
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Red reflex
- with ophthalmoscope in which the reddish orange reflection from the eyes retina means normal.
- Can detect retinoblastoma or cataracts.
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Horners syndrome
Ptosis, myosis, anhydrosis. Sympathetic injury anywhere from hypothalamus through brainstem and reticulospinal tract through to T3 to the sympathetic ganglia and up to the eye.
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Dilated and fixed pupil
- Parasympathetic paralysis of compressed CN 3.
- Seen in uncal herniation syndrome, raised ICP, aneurysm, tumor.
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Motor for trigeminal nerve
- In the mid pons
- controls masseter, temporalis and pterygoids.
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