The flashcards below were created by user
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Applied research
- research that is designed to solve or examine
- specific, practical problems
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Basic research
- research designed to obtain knowledge for its
- own sake
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Behavioral neuroscience
- A subfield of psychology that examines brain processes and
- other physiological functions that underlie our behavior, sensory experiences,
- emotions, and thoughts
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Behavioral perspective
- A view that emphasizes how the environment and learning
- experience shape and control behavior
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Behavior genetics
- The scientific study of the role of genetic
- inheritance in behavior
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Behaviorism
- A school of psychology that emphasizes the
- effect of learning and environmental control on behavior and maintains that the
- proper subject matter of psychology is observable behavior
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Biological perspective
- A view that focuses on the role of biological
- factors in behavior, including biochemical and brain processes, as well as
- genetic and evolutionary factors
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Biopsychology
- A subfield of psychology that focuses on the
- biological underpinnings of behavior, thought, and emotion
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British empiricism
- A 17th century school of philosophy
- championed by Locke, according to which all the contents of the mind are gained
- experientially though the senses
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Clinical psychology
- A subfield of psychology that focuses on the study and
- treatment of mental disorders
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Cognitive behaviorism
- A behavioral approach that incorporates
- cognitive concepts, suggesting that the environment influences our behavior by
- affecting our thoughts and giving us information
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Cognitive neuroscience
- An area of psychology that intersects the subfields of
- cognitive psychology and physiology psychology and examines brain processes
- that underlie mental activity
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Cognitive perspective
- A view that emphasizes humans as information
- processors and problem solvers, and that focuses on the mental processes that
- influence behavior
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Cognitive psychology
- An area of psychology that specializes in
- studying mental processes such as thinking, memory, planning, reasoning,
- attention, and perception
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Cultural (cross cultural) Psychology-
- A subfield of psychology that explores how culture is
- transmitted to its members and examines psychological similarities and
- differences that occur between people from diverse cultures
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Developmental psychology
- -A subfield of psychology that examines human physical,
- psychological, and social development across the life span
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Evolutionary psychology
- A field of study that focuses on the role of evolutionary
- processes (especially natural selection) in the development of adaptive psychological
- mechanisms and social behavior in humans
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Experimental psychology
- A subfield of psychology that focuses on basic processes
- such as learning, sensory systems (e.g., vision), perception, and motivational
- status (e.g., hunger)
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Functionalism
- An early school of American Psychology that focuses on the
- functions of consciousness and behavior in helping organisms adapt to their
- environment and satisfy their needs
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Humanistic perspective (Humanism)-
- A psychological view that emphasizes personal freedom, choice,
- and self-actualization
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Industrial organizational psychology-
- A subfield of psychology that focuses on people’s behavior
- in the workplace
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Interaction
- An interaction occurs (i.e, two factors
- interact) when the way in which one factor influences behavior depends on the
- presence of the other factor
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Natural selection
- The evolutionary process through which characteristics that
- increase the likelihood of survival and reproduction are preserved in eh gene
- pool and thereby become more common in a species over time
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Neurotransmitters
- Chemical substances that are released from the axons of one
- neuron, travels across the synaptic space, and bind to specially keyed receptor
- s in another neuron, where they produce a chemical reaction that is either
- excitatory or inhibitory
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Norms
- cultural or group rules often unwritten that specify what
- behavior is acceptable and expected for members of a particular culture or
- group
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Personality psychology
- A subfield of psychology that focuses on the nature of human
- personality
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Positive psychology movement
- A view that emphasizes the study of human strengths,
- fulfillment, and optimal living
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Psychoanalysis
- A psychological theory, developed by Freud, that emphasizes
- internal and primarily processes-including unconscious impulses, defenses, and
- conflicts-influence behavior
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Psychodynamic perspective-
- A psychological perspective that focuses on how
- personality processes-including unconscious impulses, defenses, and
- conflicts-influence behavior
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Psychology
The scientific study of behavior and the mind
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Social psychology
- A subfield of psychology that examines people’s thoughts,
- feelings, and behavior in relation to the social world
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Sociocultural perspective
- A view that emphasizes the role of culture and the social
- environment in influencing our behavior, thoughts, and emotions
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Structuralism
- An early German school of psychology established by Wundt
- that attempted to study the structure of the mind by breaking it down into its
- basic components, which were believed to be sensations
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