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Outliers
Extreme scores that are either extraordinarily high or low
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Perceptual hypotheses
Stages in an iterative process of combining incomplete sensory information with stored knowledge to arrive at a hypothesis (best guess) of what the individual is perceiving
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Size constancy
The awareness that the actual size of a stimulus remains constant despite changes in the size of the retinal image (e.g. when the stimulus moves away)
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Perceptual compromise
The influence of the whole of a figure on attempts to make judgements about any part of it
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Direct perception
Perception without the need for integration with stored knowledge
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Phenomenological experience
An individual’s unique experience of perception of the world
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Figure
Reference to the object of interest in a scene, as opposed to the ‘ground’
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Ground
Reference to the background, made up of all parts of the scene (apart from the figure), and against which the figure is set
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Gestalt psychology
A branch of psychology that emphasises the importance of identifying whole objects within a scene as an essential part of perception
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Sensory conspicuity
The likelihood that an object will be detected based on its intrinsic properties registered by the senses, such as shape, colour, brightness
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Attention conspicuity
The likelihood that an object will draw attention to itself
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Visual search
The task of picking out a particular target item from a number of irrelevant (distractor) items
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Vigilance
The task of monitoring over a period of time for the appearance of a target item
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Simulation
The attempt to mimic, as closely as possible in a controlled setting, a real-world situation
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Perceived risk
The level of risk that an individual believes they are exposed to
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Risk homeostasis
The modification of behaviour to maintain perceived risk at a constant level
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