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Matt123
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Mass
A body of coherent matter.
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Volume
the amount of space measured in cubic centimeters that an object occupies.
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Density
the measure of the quantity of some physical property.
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Solubility
the ability of a substance to dissolve.
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oxidization
a chemical reaction in which an atom or ion loses electrons.
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combustion
a chemical change producing heat and usually light
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elements
a substance that can't be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
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compounds
a substance consisting of atoms of two or more different elements
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mixtures
composition of two or more substances that aren't chemically combined and can be separated
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pure substances
only contain one type of substance
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solids
one of the 4 main states of matter in which the molecules vibrate but do not migrate to other positions.
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liquids
one of 4 main states of matter in which the molecules can move around freely but are bound loosely by intermelecular forces
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gases
one of 4 states of matter in which is composed of molecules in constant random motion
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plasma
one of the 4 main states of matter similar to gas but consisting of positively charged ions with their detached electrons moving freely about
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freezing
changing from a liquid state to a solid state by being cooled to a freezing point
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melting
changing from a solid to a liquid by reaching the melting point
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evaporation
the change of liquid into vapor at a temperature below the boiling point.
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condensation
changing a gas or vapor into liquid by either cooling or by being subjected to increased pressure
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sublimation
the process of a solid changing into a gas without going through the liquid phase
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halogens
any group of 5 nonmetallic elements with similar properties
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noble gases
any of the 6 gases helium,neon,argon,krypton,xenon, and randon
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reactivity
readily partaking in chemical reactions
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radioactivity
the emition of radiation by unstoppable atomic neclei undergoin radioactive decay
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rare earth metals
- any of a series of 15 naturally occuring metallic elements.
- (57-71)
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phyisical and chemical properties of matter
physical property: a characteristic of a substance that does not change
Chemical Property: a property of matter that describes a substances ability to participate in chemical reactions
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How do mixtures differ from pure substances?
A pure substance is made of one element that will stay the same no matter how many times it is divided
A mixture is made of multiple substances combined mechannically opposed to chemiacally
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Physical and Chemical Change
- Chemical Change: A change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties.
- Ex:Cake batter into cake
- Physical Change a change of matter from one form to another without a change to chemical properties.
- Ex: An ice pop melting
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Describe properties of solids, liquids, and gases.
Solids: the atoms are compact and aren't free to move around
Liquids: The atoms are closer together than gas and may move freely but are combined by faint intermelecular forces
Gases: The atoms are spread far apart and can move around in random motions
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troposphere
first layer of the atmosphere
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stratosphere
the second layer of the atmosphere
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mesosphere
the middle layer of the atmosphere
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thermosphere
the second highest layer of the atmosphere
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exosphere
the highest layer of the atmosphere
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fronts
A front is defined as the transition zone between two air masses of different masses
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Trade winds
The movement of air towards the equator.
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doldrums
a belt of light winds along the equator
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barometer
an instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure
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rain gauge
an instrument used to measure rain fall or snow fall
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thermometer
an instrument that measures the temperature
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anemometer
an instrument used to measure the wind speed and often direction
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precipitation
a form of water that condenses from the atmosphere
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temperature
a measure of hotness or coldness
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pollution
the contamination of air, water, or soil
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Ozone layer
the layer of the atmosphere that absorbs harmful ultraviolet rays from reaching earth
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greenhouse gases
caused by burning fossil fuels which warms the earth's surface even further.
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