freezingblue flashcards unit one words.txt

The absence of menses. 40% of in some athletic populations.

The removal of an AMINE group from an amino acid molecule. The remaining carbon skeleton converts to a carb or lipid. The lost amine group is covered from ammonia to urea and excreted in the urine

Cholesterol synthesized within the body.

Cholesterol obtained from food.

A chemically reactive molecule with at least one unpaired electron.

Insulin antagonist. A hormone formed in the pancreas that promotes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver. The pancreas releases glucagon when blood sugar (glucose) levels fall too low. Glucagon causes the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, which is released into the bloodstream.

process of glycogen synthesis, in which glucose molecules are added to chains of glycogen for storage.

A metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids.

The formation of glucose in the muscles from non-glucose sources. Primarily created from amino acids.

measure of the effects of carbohydrates on blood sugar levels. Some carbohydrates break down more quickly than others.

minerals sodium, potassium, and chlorine that dissolve in the body as electrically charged ion particles. They modulate fluid movement within cells. Establishes proper electrical gradients across cell membranes.

Water intoxication. Dilution of the body's sodium concentration below 135mEq/L. Below 125 will trigger severe symptoms

Hormone released by the pancreas that allows glucose into the body's cells.

the oxidative degradation of lipids. It is the process in which free radicals "steal" electrons from the lipids in cell membranes, resulting in cell damage.

a biochemical assembly that contains both proteins and lipids water-bound to the proteins. The function of lipoprotein particles is to transport lipids (fats) (such as triacylglycerol) around the body in the blood.

Porous bones. Loss of bone calcium mass/concentration.

buildup of free radicals increasing the potential for cellular damage. Increases cellular deterioration.

When an amine group from a non-nitrogen containing acid transfers to an acceptor to form a new amino acid.

IDK exactly. Probably the dehydrogenation of a saturated fat.

Apple pattern of fat distribution. High amounts of visceral deposits.

Fat required for normal physiological functioning contained in the organs, muscles, CNS and bone marrow.

Pear pattern of fat distribution. Gluteal and femoral regions.

An increase in the total number of adiposities. Phenomenon where those who have more adiposities also had larger adiposities. Therefore almost three times the mass of fat than a non-obese individual

The increased size of a adipocyte.

protein hormone that plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism. The absence of leptin (or its receptor) leads to uncontrolled food intake and resulting obesity.

Fat stored in subcutaneous tissue. Also visceral fat.

Fat stored in-between organs