Paranasal sinuses

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4 paranasal sinuses:
- Frontal
- Maxillary
- Ethmoidal
- Sphenoidal
Lined with:
- ciliated mucous columnar epithelium
- (ciliary currents directed spirally towards openings)
where does the frontal sinus communicates with nasal cavity?

opening in anterior end of middle meatus
maxillary sinus drains into?

middle meatus
Frontal sinus lies?

above orbit
Ethmoidal sinuses lie?

Between orbit and nose
Middle ethmoidal air cells where?

in bulla of ethmoid - prominent bulge on lateral wall of nose
Anterior ethmoidal air cells open into where?

hiatus semilunaris below bulla
hiatus semilunaris contains?

openings of frontal and maxillary sinuses, anterior ethmoidal air cells
posterior ethmoidal air cells open into?

superior meatus
sphenoidal sinus opens into?

sphenoethmoidal recess: small triangular space just above superior concha
Near to sphenoidal sinus?
- Pituitary gland superiorly
- Cavernous sinus laterally