Circulation Study Sheet

Its and extension of our bones, formed in the Red Marrow of long bones like the Femur.

• 1.Transport
• 2.Protection
• 3.Regulation

Its moves dissolved substances to and from cells.

• Color
• Red when oxygenated.
• Blue when deoxygenated.

• Volume
• Males 5-6 liters.
• Females 4-5 liters.

• Viscosity
• 5x thicker than water.

• pH
• 7.35-7.45: Slightly alkaline

Plasma

92%

• -Albumins (55%): thicken blood, increase osmotic pressure.
• -Globulins (38%): antibodies
• -Fibrinogen (7%): Precursor to fibrin (clotting fiber)

• -Blood proteins
• -Foods
• -Wastes
• -Gases

• -Erythrocytes
• -Leukocytes
• -Platelets

• -Erythrocytes
• -Red Corpuscles

Have no nucleus or cytoplasmic organelles. Unable to reproduce themselves or replace lost or damaged cellular components. Shaped like a circular disk thats caved in on both sides.Elastic.Contains hemoglobin(an iron containing protein) 6-8 micrometers in diameter. 2 micrometers thick.

Made in the bone marrow. Go through various stages of development until mature RBC can be lit in the bloodstream. Takes about 7 days. Travels the circulatory system about 100,000 times. Usually dies in the spleen. Lifespan of about 120 days.

4-6 millions/mm3

Leukocytes, White Corpuscles.

1000-7000/mm3.

• White Blood Cell
• Neutrophils-55-60% of WBC's. Phagocytize dead cells and foreign particles.
• Eosinphils-17-4% of WBC's. Phagocytize allergins.
• Basophils-.5% of WBC's. Promote inflammation by secreting histamines.

• White Blood Cell
• Monocyte-3-8% of WBC's. Search for foregin materials and phagocytize.
• Lymphocyte-25-33% of WBC's. Produce antibodies to guard against viruses.

• Diapedesis-The movement through intact capillary walls into surrounding body tissue.
• Psuedopodia-A temporary protrusion of the cytoplasm of an ameba; serving for locomotion or the engulfment of food.
• Phagocytosis-Envelopes and digests debris and micorganisms to remove them from the blood.

• Anemia-Any disease associated with RBC quality or quantity.
• Sickle Cell Anemia-Possible fatal, herediatry disease caused by an abnormal type of hemoglobin.
• Leukemia-Blood cancer characterized by an increase in WBC's.
• Mono-Characterized by an increase in the number of mononuclear leukocytes.

Located between the lungs in the lower portion of the mediastinum.

Around the heart.

• Blood from the inferior and superior Vena Cava enters the R.Atrium, this then flows into the R.Ventricle, then the Pulmonary Trunk which goes through the Pulmonary Arteries and into the Lungs to get oxygenated. The blood then travels to the L.Atruim through the Pulmonary Veins. From the L.Atrium the blood then travles through the Arteries and then into the Capillaries where the O2 from the blood diffuses into the Tissues. The deoxygenated blood then travles through the Veins to the Superior and Inferior where the process starts again.
• 1.Aorta 2.Inferior Vena Cava 3.Superior Vena Cava. 4.Pulmonary Trunk. 5.L.Pulmonary Artery 6.R.Pulmonary Artery. 7.R.Pulmonary Vein 8.L.Pulmonary Vein 9.Aortic Semi-Lunar Valve. 10.Pulmonary Semi-Lunar Valve 11.Mitral Valve 12.Tricuspid Valve 13.L.Ventricle 14.R.Atrium 15.R.Ventricle 16.L.Atrium 17.Oxy to entire body 18.Deoxy from lower body 19.Deoxy from brain 20.Deoxy to L.Lung 21.Deoxy to R.Lung 22.Oxy from L.Lung 23.Oxy from R.Lung.

• 1.The SA node depolarizes the atria, the atria contract.
• 2.The Mitral and Tricuspid valves open and blood loads the ventricles.
• 3.Teh AV node sends and electrical stimulus down the bundle of his, into the L/R AV branches, into the purkinje fibers.
• 4.Depoarizes the ventricles, the ventricles contract.
• 5.Mitral and Tricuspid valves shut "lub"
• 6.The semi-lunar valves open and loads the aorta and pulmonary turnk.
• 7.The back pressure in the aorta and pulmonary trunk slams the semi-lunar valve shut "dup"

• Electro Cardio Gram
• Can check the hearts electrical activity, Find the cause of unexplained chest pain, find the cause of symptoms of heart disease, find out if the walls of the chambers of the heart are to thick, check how medicines are working, check on mechinacal devices in the heart, check the health of the heart.

The rhymical throbbing of arteris produced by the regular contractions of the heart.

• Pressure of the blood in the blood vessel, expressed as systolic pressure over diastolic pressure. 120
• 80 mmHg
• Blood volume, strenght of heart contractions,heart rate, blood viscosity,resistance to blood flow.

Circulating blood helps maintain homeostasis of all body fluids.Blood helps regulate the pH through use of buffers. It also helps adjust body temp. through the heat absorbing and coolant properties of water. In blood plasma and its variable rate of flow through the skin. Blood osmotic pressure influences the water content of cells.

1.Aorta 2.Inferior Vena Cava 3.Superior Vena Cava. 4.Pulmonary Trunk. 5.L.Pulmonary Artery 6.R.Pulmonary Artery. 7.R.Pulmonary Vein 8.L.Pulmonary Vein 9.Aortic Semi-Lunar Valve. 10.Pulmonary Semi-Lunar Valve 11.Mitral Valve 12.Tricuspid Valve 13.L.Ventricle 14.R.Atrium 15.R.Ventricle 16.L.Atrium 17.Oxy to entire body 18.Deoxy from lower body 19.Deoxy from brain 20.Deoxy to L.Lung 21.Deoxy to R.Lung 22.Oxy from L.Lung 23.Oxy from R.Lung.

• Artery is a vessel carrying blood away from the heart.
• Vessel is carrying blood towards the heart.

• 
• Tiny vessels that connect arterioles and Venules.

• Arteries
• External/internal/common cartoid. Subclavain. Auxillary. Cephallic. Deep Brachial. Descending or abdominal aorta. Ulnar.Radial.Common/External/Internal iliac. Deem Femoral. Femoral. Popliteal. Posterior Tistial. Fibular(peroneal). Anterion Tibial.
• Veins
• Subclavian. Auxillary. Cephalic. Brachial. Common/External/Internal Iliac. Deep femoral. Femora. Popliteal. Posterior Tibial. Anterior Tibial.

• Myacardial Infarct-Heart attack,Destruction of heart tissue resulting from obstruction of the blood supply to the heart muscle.
• Stroke-The sudden death of brain cells in a localized area due to inadequate blood flow.
• Heart Murmur-Abnormal sound of the heart, sometimes a sign of abnormal function of the heart valves.
• Edema-A condition characterized by an excess of watery fluid collecting in the cavities or tissues of the body.
• Hypertension-Abnormally high blood pressure.
• Vericose Veins-A vein that is permanently dialated.

• Returns the proteins and fluids to blood. Carries lipids from gastrointestinal fract to blood. Contains sites of maturation and proliferation of bond T cells that protect against diseas causing microbes.
• Components:Lymphatic fluid and vessels; spleen, thymus,lymph nodes, and tonsils.

specialized fluid formed in the tissue spaces that returns excessive fluid and protein molecules to the blood via lymphatic vesssels.

skeletal muscle pump, respiratory pump.

• Bean shaped swellings surrounded by a fibrous capsule and filled with a mus-like tissue. Can be divided into an outer cortex and inner medulla.
• Key organs of immune systema nd create WBC's that fight off different diseases based on type or create antibodies to identify and neturalized infectious agents previously encountered.

Many organs, lymph nodes, lymphoid follicles.

Protects the body from potentially harmful substances by recognizing and responding to antigens. The immune system recognizes and destroys substances that contain these antigens.

When a persons immune system reacts to normally harmless substances in the environment.

• To induce sleep and rest.
• To increase chemical reactors.
• Because many pathogens are denatured at a high temp.

• Bacteria are single celled microorganisms that thrive in many different types of environments.
• Viruses are even smaller than bacteria and require living hosts. It invades some of your cells and takes over the cell machinery redirecting it to produce the virus.

Immunity obtained either fom the development of antibodies in response to exposure to and antigen, as from vaccination or an attack of an infectious disease, or fom the transmission of antibodies.

• Human immunodeficency Virus.
• A retrovirus that causes AIDS.

A substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide against one or several disease. It activates the bodies natural defenses. The body fights off a weekend form of a disease and creates a resistance to it.

• A medicene that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms.
• It kills desired bacteria but not cells.