True or False: Kingdom Plantae, Kingdom Protista, and Kingdom Animaliea are all autotrophic.
False
True or False: Kingdom Plantae and Kingdom Animalia contain multicellular organisms
True
True or False: Members of Kingdom Fungi have prokaryotic cells
False
True or False: Kingdom Monera is unicellular
True
True or False: Fungi are heterotrophic
False
True or False: Flagellates move by rythmic movement of their cilia
False
True or False: Members of Kingdom Fungi are classified by their sexual reproductive structures
True
T or F: Organisms in Kingdom Protista can be heterotrophic and or autotrophic
True
T or F: Organisms of Kingdom Plantae can reproduce without seeds
True
T or F: Only Kingdom Plantae has organisms with cell walls
False
T or F: Kingdom Animalia has motile organisms
True
T or F: The phylum Mollusca is classified under Kingdom Animalia
True
T or F: All members of Kingdom Animalia are land-dwelling
False
Number Ordering: Levels of Classification
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
What are the 3 types of movement used by organisms in Kingdom Protista? Describe
Flagella- Use a tail to propel them forward
Pseudopods- Move inards where they want to move. Looks like movement but is really just redistribution
Cilia- Rythmic movement of little extremities along its body
What are the names and shapes of Bacteria?
Spirochete- Spiral
Coccus- Spherical or oval shaped
Bacillus- Rod shaped
Vibrio Spiro- Comma shape
Spirilam Spiro- Spirals
Spirochete Spiral- Thin and flexible spirals
What is the difference between vascular and non-vascular plants?
Vascular have tubes and seeds and take in CO2. Non-vascular plants do not. They are aquatic plants so they don't breath air and release eggs into water for reproduction.
How are vascular plants suited for their environment?
Produce seeds that become fertilized by pollination
Take CO2 out of the air
How are non-vascular plants suited for their environment?
Excrete eggs into water for reproduction
Need to be in water
Need to stay moist
Are mollusks Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic? Autotrophic or Heterotrophic? Defining characteristics? Example?
Eukaryotic
Heterotrophic
Muscular Foot
Oyster
Are Annelids Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic? Autotrophic or Heterotrophic? Defining characteristics? Example?
Eukaryotic
Heterotrophic
Segmented body
Earthworm
Are Arthropods Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic? Autotrophic or Heterotrophic? Defining characteristics? Example?
Eukaryotic
Heterotrophic
Jointed appendages/ exoskeleton
cenipedes
Are Chordates Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic? Autotrophic or Heterotrophic? Defining characteristics? Example?
Eukaryotic
Heterotrophic
Nerve Chord
You
Paramecium belong to which Kingdom?
Protista
Diatoms belong to which Kingdom?
Protista
Sea Urchins belong to which Kingdom?
Animalia
Mushrooms belong to which Kingdom?
Fungi
Moss belongs to which Kingdom?
Plantae
Earthworms belong to which Kingdom?
Animalia
Red Algae belong to which Kingdom?
Protista
Roses belong to which Kingdom?
Plantae
Are viruses considered to be non-living?
Yes
T or F: Archaebacteria consist of thermoacidophiles, halophiles, and methanogens?
True
What moves by pseudopods? (fake feet)
Sarcodines
T or F: Bacidiomycota is where the mushroom is the sexual reproductive structure.
True
T or F:Gram positive bacteria does not hold a stain
False
Bryophyta are what?
Non-vascular plants
Flowering plants are called what?
Angiosperms
Which phylums organisms have soft bodies and a muscular foot?
Mollusca
Mammals are considered to be part of which phylum
Chordata
Which phylum contains animals that are radially symmetrical?
Cnidaria
How do you make a cheek cell wet mount slide?
Gently wipe the tooth pick around inside of cheek
Drop iodine on cell
Rub toothpick in it
Place cover slip on top
Remove excess liquid
Calculate magnification
Av. real size= Size of field of view/# of cells that fit across
Mag= size of drawing/ Av. Real size of object
Size of field of view=400um
10 cells across
size of drawing= 15mm
ARS= 400um/10
ARS= 40um
15mm= 15000um
Magnification= 15000um/40um
Mag= 375X
Known as the powerhouse of the cell; digests things to create energy
Mitochondria
Holds all cell pieces and fluids inside the cell, lets some things move in and out of the cell
Cell membrane
Acts like the brain of the cell; contains RNA and DNA
Nucleus
Made of cellulose and acts like a skeleton to hold plants up
Cell wall
Only found in plant cells; use sunlight to create sugar through photosynthesis
Chloroplast
Fluid that fills the cell
Cytoplasm
The storage bubble in a cell
Vacuole
Protein builders of the cell; combine with RNA to make protein
Ribosomes
Found in animal cells; holds enzymes to break down food for the cell
lysosomes
A packaging organelle taht builds lysosomes
Golgi Apparatus
Define Biology
Study of living things
Statements of cell theory
All organisms are made up of cells
All new cells arise from existing cells
All processes common to living organisms occur in individual cells
Cells contain hereditary material that ensures the passing of characteristics from parent to daughter cells
Define Biogenesis
The theory of living things developing from other living things
Define Abiogenesis
A theory stating that non-living things can be transformed into living things ( spontaneous generation)
Makes up 45% of soil volume
Rock Particles
Changes the property of soil; makes up 25% of soil volume
Soil water
Chemical composition is different from that of the atmosphere; makes up 25% of soil volume
Soil air
often decay, makes up 5% of soil volume
Organic matter
The A Horizon is what?
Organic matter; it is a darker color, and is near the soild surface
What is the B Horizon?
Wash from the surface level or by alteration of the parent material
What is the C horizon?
Parent Material; relatively unaltered deposit; in SK it is between 50cm-100cm
Define Chernozemic
high organic matter
found in southern prairie
Define Solonetzic
Grassland-Forest transition soil
high sodium content
Define Luvisolic
Forest soil of central SK
Sandy A Horizon
High clay content in B Horizon
Define Brunisolic
Boreal Forest soils
Very sandy
Levels of Ecology in order from largest to smallest:
Biosphere
Biome
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Give an example of a food chain:
Mosquito --> Dragonfly --> Frog
Which soil, located in southern SK has a dark surface horizon that is high in organic matter?
Nitrogen Fixation occurs in soil for plants to use
The major reservoir for phosphorus is rock and soil
Plants take in Carbon and release oxygen. Plants are in soil
What is a niche?
utilization of biotic and abiotic resources
What is a habitat?
Place the organism lives
What is carrying capacity?
The maximum population size that an environment can support at a particular time with no degradation to the habitat
What is a Biome?
A terrestrial ecosystem largely determined by climate and characterized by organisms best suited to the environment
How could you count a plant population?
Quadratic or Transect
How could you count consumer populations?
Counting, Plot Estimation, Mark and Recapture
What is population?
A group of organisms of one species that live in the same place at the same time
Define Ecology:
The study of living and non-living components of the environment and of the interactions that affect biological species.
Define exponential growth
Almost any organism provided with ideal conditions for growth and reproduction will experience a rapid increase in its population
Define logistic growth
Most populations go through a number of growth phases, which can be represented on a logistic growth curve.
Density dependant limiting factors are defined as?
When factors that control population size operate more strongly on large populations than on small ones.
Define Density independent limiting factors:
Natural occurances that affect a population
What is symbioses?
Living together
What is steady state?
Average growth rate is 0, rise and fall of the population averages out to 0.
Carrying capacity, define:
If you draw a horizontal line through the middle of the steady state region, the line will tell us how big the population is in teh steady state; tells us carrying capactiy.
Define Climate:
The weather conditions of a location averaged over many years
Define weather:
The day to day environmental conditions in a location
Which biogeochemical processes does water participate in?
Photosynthesis
Digestion
Cellular Respiration
What is another name for the water cycle?
Hydrologic Cycle
Macronutrients important to life on earth are?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
What % of the atmosphere is composed of Nitrogen?
78%
What process to plants adn animals depend on for their nitrogen source?
Nitrogen Fixation
How does the phosphorus cycle differ from the other cycles?
Atmosphere is not involved
What are the four biogeochemical cycles?
Water Cycle
Carbon Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
Phosphorus Cycle
Define Ecological Succession:
The replacement of an existing community by a different community over a period of time
Define Pioneer Species:
An organism that colonizes an area void of living things.
Define Climax community:
A relatively stable collection of plants and animals that results from ecological succession
Define Tropical Rainforest:
Located near the equator
Av. Rainfall is between 1.5m and 2.5m each year
Not a single dry season
Define Taiga
Has young soil with poor nutritional stability
Has the least amount of animals
Largest biome in Canada
Define Savannah
Soil is porous and a thin layer of nutrient rich humus
Dry and wet seasons
Define Desert
Sandy, coarse soild with little organic matter
Found in hot climates
Define Freshwater
Has less than 1% salt
Define Tundra
Located in the Northern part of the World
Has permafrost
Define Estuary
Partly enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it with a free connection to the open sea
What is the quadrat method?
fixed area
Rectangular, ratio 2:1
Site placement: random
Used to predict populations for an entire area
Define Transect Method
Provides baseline for sampling
Straight line across area
Line Placement: Random
used when populations change drastically in area
Define Counting method
Count each one in the population
Define plot estimation
Estimate the # of individuals in a plot area and expand to larger area
Define Mark and Recapture
traps are set to capture a species which are then marked and released. ( Any marked species that are recaptured are taken into consideration when calculating the estimated population)
What are the 3 dispersion patterns?
Clumped: Clumped together in small groups, common in nature
Uniform: Spaced evenly in an area- results from interaction among individual of a population
Random: Spaced unpredictably, very rare due to environmental conditions
What are the factors that determine carrying capacity?
