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shanamd2010
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meninges of the cerebrum
3 layers
- dura mater
- arachnoid mater
- pia mater
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dura mater
- most superficial layer
- made up of two layers that are tough and tightly bound together
- lines outside surface of the skull
- major function is to provide protection to the brain
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arachnoid mater 5
- middle layer
- web-like structure which conforms around the brain
- separates dura mater from pia mater
- mush less tough than dura mater
- many blood vessels pass through here
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pia mater
- thin membranous covering that closely follows the contours of the brain
- major arteries and veins course within this layer
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the meninges function
- protecting the brain
- holding structures in places during movement
- providing support for brain structures
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the dura mater takes on four major infoldings
- flax cerebri
- falx cerebelli
- tantorium cerebelli
- diaphragma sella
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falx cerebri
separates cerebral hemispheres
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falx cerebelli
separates cerebellar hemispheres
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tentorium cerebelli
divides cranium into superior and inferior regions
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diaphragma sella
forms boundary between pituitary gland and hypothalamus and optic chiasm
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hematomas
pooling of blood arising from a breakage of a blood vessel
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subdural hematoma
(CI)
- intercranial bleeding beneath the dura mater caused by a ruptured artery or vein
- due to trauma to the head blood now pooling and puts pressure on the brain
- theis displaces the brain and leads to hemiparesis, or unconsciousness and sometimes death if the pressure is not relieved
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frontal lobe hematomas
(CI)
personality and cognitive changes
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occipital lobe hematomas
(CI)
visual difficulties
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lesions of the Basal Ganglia
(CI)
- lesion = damage
- chorea (Huntington's)
- sudden, jerky and purposeless movements
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Parkinson's Disease
neurological problems
- basal ganglia recieves neurotransmitter dopamine
- transported from the substantia nigra
- substantia nigra begins to degenerate
- therefore basal gaglia receives reduced amounts of dopamine
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Parkinson's Disease
prevalence
- 1 in 200 people over the age of 60
- men > women
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Parkinson's Disease
effects
- weakness and stiffness of the muscles
- interferes with speech, walking and performance of daily tasks, littl change in facial expression
- rigidity, resting tremor, masklike face, shuffling gait
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