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6.1-Cartilage: Learning Objectives
1) Explain functions of carilage
2) Describe the function & distribution of hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, & elastic cartilage.
3) Explain both the interstitial & appositional growth of cartilage.
- 1a. Support soft tissue
- 2a. Provides a gliding surface (articulations)
- 3a. Provides formation of most of bones.
*Cartilage begins as a "rough draft" form & later replaced by bone tissue
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6.1b-Growth patterns of Cartilage
What are the two ways and their steps?
Interstitial and Appostitial
- 1b. Interstitial Growth steps:
- 1) Chondrocytes in lacunae undergo mitosis
- 2) 2 new cells occupy a single lacuna.
- 3) Separate into individual lacunas
- 4) New matrix has been produced internally.
- Appositional Growth steps:
- 1) Perichondrium cells undergo mitosis
- 2) Differentiate into chondroblasts
- 3) Old chondroblasts produce/secrete new cartilage matrix.
- Chondroblasts become chondrocytes.
- 4) New matrix has been produced peripherally.
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6.2 - Bone: learning objectives:
1. Explain the functions of bone.
What is the bones primary component?
Their primary component is CONNECTIVE TISSUE.
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Define Calcification.
C: Deposition of materials in the matrix.
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6.2a - Functions of Bone.
Name the four functions of Bone.
- 1) Support & Protection
- 2) Movement
- 3) Hemopoiesis ~ the process of blood cell production.
- 4) Storage ~ more than 90% of the body's reserves of the minterals are stored/released by bone.
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Where are blood cells produced?
Produced in the Red Bone Marrow.
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6.3 - Classification & Anatomy of Bones: Learning Objectives:
1) Identify the characteristics of long, short, flat, and irregular bones.
2) Describe the gross anatomy of the long bone.
3) Compare the microscopic anatomy of compact bone & spongy bone.
What are the four classes of bone?
- 1) Long bones ~ (most common shape) have a greater length than width.
- 2) Short bones ~ have a length nearly equal to their width. Interior is spongy bone.
- 3) Flat bones ~ flat, thin surfaces.
- 4) Irregular bones ~ elaborate, complex shape (hip bone).
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6.3a. General Structure & Gross Anatomy of LONG BONE.
(Figure 6.4)
Define
Diaphysis (principal gross feature)
Epiphysis
- Diaphysis ~ (aka shaft) provides leverage & major weight support.
- Epiphysis ~ Knobby region @ the end of long bone; tendone & ligament attachment.
- Metaphysis: in a mature bone between the diaphysis & the epiphysis.
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What is "articular cartilage of the long bone help do?
Helps to reduce friction & absorb shock in joints.
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Define the "medullar cavitiy." (marrow cavitiy)
It contains yellow bone marrow within the diaphysis.
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What is the "endosteum" of the long bone?
incomplete layer of cells that covers all internal surfaces of the bone.
*Bone growth, repair, and remodeling.
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Cells of bones.
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Osteolysis
Osteoblasts ~ produce new bone. Differentiate into osteocytes.
Osteocytes ~ mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts. Reside in "lacunae".
Osteoclasts ~ phagocytic cells. Bone resorption.
Osteolysis ~ release of Ca+ and phosphate from bone matrix.
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