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Why did the puritans come to america
to gain freedom to practice puritan beleifs
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what caused most native american deaths upon contact with europeans
desiese
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Where did French colonization in the new world focas
Canada
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Why were there mor African Americans in the Southern colonies
slave labor
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What was the economic basis of the Southern Colonies
cash crops
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What was the economy of the New England colonies based on
fishing ship building commerce
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Why was the VA House of Burgesses significant
first elected assymbly in the new world
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Define indentured servant
a laberor under contract for a set number of years to pay afor passage to the new world
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did the Puritans feel towards religious liberty
they did not tolerate religious views that differed from their own
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What was the first permanent english settlement in the New World
jamestown
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what helped the US win at Yorktown
the French army and navy
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What was the stamp act seen as a form of
taxation without representation
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What was the major result of the French and indian wat on the colonies
Great Britian leived taxes on the coloniest
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Why did parliament repeal the Stamp Act
boycott was hurting British Merchants
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What were the British attempting to do when the Battles of Lexington and Concord broke out
seize colonial military supplies
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Describe the social contract theory
the theory that people give power to a ruler in exchange for protection of their rights
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List britians advantages and disadvantages during the American Revolution
- Advantages: money, Army, Established Navy
- Disadvantages: Far from England, Distance, No support
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List America's advantages and disadvantages during the American Revolution
- Advantages: willingness to fight, home field, George Washington
- Disadvantages: No money, no army, no navy
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What was ackknowledged in the Treaty of Paris
american independence
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Who were the loyalist
colonists who opposed the war
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Describe the Proclamiation of 1763
Colonists could not expand beyound the appalation mountains
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Breifly explain the ideas of John Locke
Man has life, liberty, and property. And the purpose of government is to protect those rights
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What is contained in the Declaration of Independence
Reasons for Independence
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What did Thomas Paine argue in Common Sense
america should be independent of Great Britian
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Who was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson
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How did Americans show thier distrust of a strong central government in the 1780s
Articles of Confederation
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Describe the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
- could not tax
- could not reinforce laws
- could not commerse
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What commonality did the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution shar
a congress and legistlative powers
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Describe the Navigation Acts
Stated certain products could be only sold to britain
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Describe the Intolerable Acts
measures that were passed as a result of the Bosten Tea Party
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Define salutary neglect
a policy of non interference with the colonies
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What is quartering
providing housing a food
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Define boycott
a refusal to buy goods
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What was the purpose of the Philadelphia Convention
to revise the articles of Confederation
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Define federalism
a division of power between centural and state governments
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Why did the Anti-Fedralists criticize the Constitution
It lacked a Bill of Rights to protect independent liberties
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Why does the Constitution contain a seperation of powers
to prevent 1 person or group having too much power
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According to the Declaration of Independence, when do people have to right to alter or abolish a government
when it violates their natural rights
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Describe the three-fifths compromise
a compromise in which slaves would count as 3/5 of a person in order to settle a dispute over representative in congress
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Describe the Great Compromise
it settle the isssue of repusentatives in congress by giving each state 2 senators and a number of representatives based on population
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What is Congress's main responisibility
make laws
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The Constitution gave voters the most direct participation in the selection of which area of the government
House of representatives
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Define unicameral
one house legislature
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Define bicameral
two house legislature
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Describe both the New Jersey and Virginia Plans
- VA Plan represenation by population
- NJ Plan representation equal amoung states
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Articles of Constitution
- Article 1: Legislative Branch
- Article 2: Executive Branch
- Article 3: Judicial Branch
- Article 4: Relations with States
- Article 5: Amendment process
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Amendments of the constitution
- Amendment 1: Religious and political freedom
- Amendment 2: Rights to bear arms
- Amendment 4: Search and Seizer
- Amendment 6: Right to a speedy and public trial
- Amendment 8: Limits fines and punishments
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What did President Jackson do with money taken from the Bank of the US
Put it in state banks
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Describe nullification
states created the federal government and can over turn federal laws
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Describe treatment of Native Americans during the Age of Jackson
forced removal
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Why did many Americans like Jackson
Concidered the commans man president
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Discuss Jackson's relationship with his Vice president
they dissagreed over tarriffs issues
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Define spoils system
giving away government positions to those who helped them get elected
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What helped expand democracy prior to the civil war
Expanded voter powers, spoils system encouraged people to participate
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Descrive sectionalism
the spliting between the industrial north and agricultural south
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What region of the US was most supportive of protective tariffs
the north east
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Descrive the Missouri Compromise
Maine free, 36 30 line determines slavery in lousianna territory
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Describe the Kansas-Nebraska Act
Repels the Missouri Compromise, allows popular soverneighty to determine slave or now
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Discuss the Dred Scott Case
Slaves cannot be citizens therefore cannot sue in federal court, missouri compromise
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What is popular sovereignty
the people rule
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What is manifest Destiny
belief in a god given right to expan from sea to sea
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Define nationalism
The feeling of loyalty and devotion to ones country
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Define pocket veto
Indirect rejection of legislative bill by the President by retaining the bill untill congress adjurns
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What is a closed shop
in order to hired you must be a union member
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Describe Lincoln's view of Reconstruction
to reunit the nation the federal government should not punish the south
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Describe the state's rights position
states had the right to seceed from the union in order to protect their own intrests
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What did lincoln view as the primary goal of the Civil War
Perserve the union
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What did Republicans agree to do in exchange for support in the Electoral College in the election of 1876
End the military occupation of the south
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What is in each of the following
13th Amendment:
14th Amendment:
15th Amendment:
- Abolished slavery
- Granted citizenship to newly freed slave
- Black men the right to vote
- all considered civil war rights/ amendments
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Why did the Radical Republicans oppose Lincoln's Reconstruction plan?
It offered amnesty to nearly all confederates who were allegence to the US
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Describe Jim Crow Laws
laws that kept blacks in a seperate and inferior postition
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Describe what was contained in the Emancipation Proclamation
Freed slaves in southern controlled areas allowed balcks to join the army
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Who received the South's surrender and Appomattox
Grant
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Define sharecropping
farmers are given land to work but give a share of the crop as rent to the land owner
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Where did the first hostilities of the civil war take place
fort sumpter
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What was the major turning point of the civil war
battle of gettysberg
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What event caused the south to secede
Lincolns election
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Why did slavery become a main issue in the civil war
the north wanted to punish the south, slavery helped the southern war effort to keep britian nuetral
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What was the three-pronged Union stategy to win the Civil War
blockage, split in two, capture richmond -Anaconda Plan
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WHere did the draft riot break out following the battle of Gettysburg
new york
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What was the goal of the Radical Republicans' Reconstruction plan
- helped fred slaves
- punished the south
- assure party supremacy
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How did southerners attempt to limit African American voting
literacy tests, poll taxes, grandfather clauses
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Compare and constrasts the strength and weaknesses of the North and South during the Civil War
- North:
- larger population
- more money
- more industry
- more weapons
- more rail roads
- South:
- Better generals
- home field
- better calvery
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What was the Homestead Act
- Gave public land for free to settle and live there
- The occupant also had to be 21 or older, had to live on the land for five years and show evidence of having made improvements.
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Why were Native Americans relocated to reservations following the civil war
because settlers and ranchers wanted their tribal lands
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What inventions helped open the West and make farming more prosperous
- Merchanical reaper
- steel plow
- barbed wire
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During the period between 1871-1921, where did most immigrants come from
eastern and southern Europe and asia
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What were some cultural differences between native born Americans and immigrants
language, religion, race
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Why did most immigrants settle in cities
jobs
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What were some problems of the cities at the turn of the century
- over crowding
- sanitation
- crime
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Describe the "melting pot" theory
A unique American culture would emerge from immigration and cultural blending
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Describe the "mixed salad" theory
immigrants should maintain their culture identity
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Immigration restrictions of the 1920s reduced the number of immirants from what areas
Eastern and southern Europe, and Asia
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How did business leaders eliminate competition
Forming monopolies and trusts
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What was the Bessemer process
injection of air into a furness to convert iron ore into steel
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Descrive the laissez faire approach to business
the governent keeps thier hands off
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What industy were each of these men associated with:
John D. Rockefeller:
J.P. Morgan:
Andrew Carnegie:
Cornelius Vanderbilt:
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What inventions had a large impact on women in the work place
- Sewing machine
- Type writer
- telephone
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Who were the Progressives
Saw social and economic ills pushed for a larger government
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What did the muckrakers attempt to do
- Attempted to approve American society and cure it of its social and economic ills, investigated and published wrong doings
- They were progressives
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What reforms did the Progressives achieve at the national leel
- Direct election of senators
- Primary elections
- Secret Ballot
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Upton Sinclair's The Jungle led to reforms in what industry
food and meat packing
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What did Theodore Roosevelt believe about trust (monopolies)
Trusts that worked outside the law should be brought to justive
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Describe the Ballinger-Pinchot controversy and what it did for President Taft's reputation
Pinchot was fired for challenging Ballinger who wanted to return peserved land to the public domain
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What did the federal reserve act have control over
banking and the moneysupply
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What association is Eugene debs linked to
the american railway union, american socialist party
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What was the purpose of both the INterstate Commerce COmmission and the Sherman ANtitrust Act
Eliminate Unfair business practices
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Define arbitration
a method for setting disputes by a mutually approved judge
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Define collective bargaining
negotiations between labor and management wags, hours, and working conditions
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Define strike
a work stoppage
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What did the Supreme court hold in Plessy v. Ferguson
seperate but equals is constitutional, upholds Jim crow laws
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