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5 parts of information system
- people, procedures, software, hardware, and data
- additional part: connectivity-allows computers to connect and share infor
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2 kinds of software
system & application
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system software
"background" software that helps the computer manage its own internal resources
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disk defragmenter
locates and eliminates unnecessary file fragments and rearranges files and unused disk space to optimize computer operations
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super computer
most powerful type of computer
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mainframe computer
insurance company
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microcomputers
- least powerful but most widely used
- desktop
- notebookds
- tablet pc
- netbook
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microcomputer hardware has four basic categories:
- system unit
- input/output devices
- secondary storage
- communication
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Most widely used communication device?
modem, modifies telephone communications into a form that can be processed by a computer
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document files
- word processing
- Word-memos, term papers, letters
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Worksheet files
- spreadsheet
- Excel-budgets, predict sales
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Database files
- DBMS
- Access-employee database includes names, SSN, job titles
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presentation files
Powerpoint
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Connectivity
capability of your microcomputer to share info with other computers
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network
a communication system connecting 2 or more computers
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internet
world's largest network
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cloud computing
uses the internet and the web to shift many computer activities from a user's computer to computers on the internet
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Internet
- Arpanet
- (Advanced Research Project Agency Network)
- 1969
- actual, physical network. it is made up of wires, cables, and satellites.
- being connected is called being on-line
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Most common way to access the Internet?
Internet service Provider (ISP)
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Browsers
- software, programs that provide access to Web resources.
- Browsers allow you to explore or surf the Web
- Microsoft Internet explorer, Apple Safari, Mozilla Firefox, and Google Chrome
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URL
(Uniform Resources Locators)
address or location of resources on the web
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URL
1st part
- protocol
- rules for exchanging data between computers
- http://
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URL
2nd part
- domain name- name of the server
- where the resource is located
- mtv.com
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URL
last part
- last part of the domain name following the dot is the top-level domain (TLD)
- identifies the type of organization
- .com=commercial
- .edu=educational
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HTML
hypertext markup language
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Applets
special programs written in a programming language such as Java contained in web pages
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spam
- unwelcomed mail
- spam blockers or spam filters are used to eliminate spam
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Universal Instant Messenger
- programs that can instant message through any program
- Digsby, Pidgin, Onext
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Web logs (blogs)
personal Web sites created to keep in touch with friends and family
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Microblog
- publishes short sentences that only take a few seconds to write, rather than long stories or posts like a traditional blod
- Twitter
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Wiki
Hawaiian word for fast
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Search services
use specials programs called spiders to continually lookd for new info to update the search services' huge databases
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search engines
special programs to locate specific info on the web
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keyword search
- enter a key word or phrase reflecting the info you want
- hits, sites thta contain the keywords
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directory search
select a category or topic
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metasearch engine
- programs that submit your search request to several search engines at the same time
- Dogpile.com
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electronic commerce
(B2C)
- Business to Consumer
- online banking
- online stock trading
- online shopping
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C2C
Consumer to Comsumer
- individuals selling to individuals
- auctions house sites
- ebay
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Carders
criminals specialized in stealing, trading, and using stolen credit cards over the Internet
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digital cash
- Internet's equivalent to traditional cash
- buyers and sellers go through a third party to exchange cash
- PayPal
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Plug-ins
- programs that are automatically started and operate as a part of your browser
- Adobe Acrobat Reader
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Filters
- block access to selected sites
- parental control
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File transfer utilities
you can download, copy files to your computer from a server, or upload, copy files from your computer to another computer on the Internet
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file Transfer protocol
(FTP)
copy files
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4 types of system software
- operating system
- utilities
- device drivers
- language translators-convert programming instructions written by programmers into a language that computers understand and process
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operating system functions
- managing resources
- providing user interface
- running applications-multi-tasking ability
- does NOT provide internet access
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Warm boot
system is on, restart
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dialog boxes
- provide info
- request input
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categories of operating systems
- embedded operating systems
- network operating systems (NOS)
- stand-alone operating systems
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operating system
oftern referred to as software environment or platform
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Windows
- most populat operating system
- 90% of the market
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Mac OS
- Apple
- popular with professional graphic designer and multimedia
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Unix
- designed to run on microcomputers in network environments
- Linux is one free and popular version of Unix
- can be modified by users
- open source software
- Google chrome is based on Linux
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Mobile OS
control smartphones
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Uninstall programs
to get a clean unistall
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file copression programs
reduce file size so that files can be sent on the internet more efficiently
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disk cleanup
- troubleshooting utility that identifies and eliminates nonessential files
- frees up valuable disk space and improves system performance
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computer virus
- you catch a computer virus many ways
- opening attachments to email messages
- downloading software from the internet
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Device driver
- for many devices, the appropriate drivers are automatically selected and installed when the device is first connected to the computer system
- for others, the device driver must be manually installed
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system unit
a container that houses most of the electronic components that make up a computer system
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decimal system
binary system
8 bits to a byte
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Motherboard
controls communications for the enitre computer system
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microprocessor
central processing unit contained on a single chip called the microprocessor
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control unit
- tells the rest of the computer system how to carry out a program's instructions
- also directs these control signals between the CPU and input and output devices
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dual core chips
allow a computer to run 2 programs simultaneously
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parallel processing
- allow microcomputers to process large complex programs
- Windows 7
- Mac OS
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smart card
- size of a regular credit card
- has an embedded specialty chip
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RFID tags
track locations of objects or people
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Random access memory (RAM)
holds the programs and data that the CPU is presently processing before its output
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Cache memory
- temporary high speed holding area between the memory and the CPU
- computer detects which info in RAM is most frequently used and then copies that info into Cache
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Read only memory
(ROM)
- have info stored in them by the manufacturer
- cannot be changed by users
- computer startup instructions are stored in ROM
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Flash memory
- Like RAM, can be updated to store new info
- like ROM, does not lose that info when power turned off
- stores start up instructions for a coputer
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expansion cards
can be inserted into expansion slots to expand computer systems
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Bus Lines
- connects the parts of the CPU to each other
- provides pathways that support communication among the various electronic components and the CPU
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