Computer Science Exam 1

• people, procedures, software, hardware, and data
• additional part: connectivity-allows computers to connect and share infor

system & application

"background" software that helps the computer manage its own internal resources

locates and eliminates unnecessary file fragments and rearranges files and unused disk space to optimize computer operations

most powerful type of computer

insurance company

• least powerful but most widely used
• desktop
• notebookds
• tablet pc
• netbook

• system unit
• input/output devices
• secondary storage
• communication

modem, modifies telephone communications into a form that can be processed by a computer

• word processing
• Word-memos, term papers, letters

• spreadsheet
• Excel-budgets, predict sales

• DBMS
• Access-employee database includes names, SSN, job titles

Powerpoint

capability of your microcomputer to share info with other computers

a communication system connecting 2 or more computers

world's largest network

uses the internet and the web to shift many computer activities from a user's computer to computers on the internet

• Arpanet
• (Advanced Research Project Agency Network)
• 1969
• actual, physical network. it is made up of wires, cables, and satellites.
• being connected is called being on-line

Internet service Provider (ISP)

• software, programs that provide access to Web resources.
• Browsers allow you to explore or surf the Web
• Microsoft Internet explorer, Apple Safari, Mozilla Firefox, and Google Chrome

address or location of resources on the web

• protocol
• rules for exchanging data between computers
• http://

• domain name- name of the server
• where the resource is located
• mtv.com

• last part of the domain name following the dot is the top-level domain (TLD)
• identifies the type of organization
• .com=commercial
• .edu=educational

hypertext markup language

special programs written in a programming language such as Java contained in web pages

• unwelcomed mail
• spam blockers or spam filters are used to eliminate spam

• programs that can instant message through any program
• Digsby, Pidgin, Onext

personal Web sites created to keep in touch with friends and family

• publishes short sentences that only take a few seconds to write, rather than long stories or posts like a traditional blod
• Twitter

Hawaiian word for fast

use specials programs called spiders to continually lookd for new info to update the search services' huge databases

special programs to locate specific info on the web

• enter a key word or phrase reflecting the info you want
• hits, sites thta contain the keywords

select a category or topic

• programs that submit your search request to several search engines at the same time
• Dogpile.com

• Business to Consumer
• online banking
• online stock trading
• online shopping

• individuals selling to individuals
• auctions house sites
• ebay

criminals specialized in stealing, trading, and using stolen credit cards over the Internet

• Internet's equivalent to traditional cash
• buyers and sellers go through a third party to exchange cash
• PayPal

• programs that are automatically started and operate as a part of your browser
• Adobe Acrobat Reader

• block access to selected sites
• parental control

you can download, copy files to your computer from a server, or upload, copy files from your computer to another computer on the Internet

copy files

• operating system
• utilities
• device drivers
• language translators-convert programming instructions written by programmers into a language that computers understand and process

• managing resources
• providing user interface
• running applications-multi-tasking ability
• does NOT provide internet access

system is on, restart

system is off

• provide info
• request input

• embedded operating systems
• network operating systems (NOS)
• stand-alone operating systems

oftern referred to as software environment or platform

• most populat operating system
• 90% of the market

• Apple
• popular with professional graphic designer and multimedia

• designed to run on microcomputers in network environments
• Linux is one free and popular version of Unix
• can be modified by users
• open source software
• Google chrome is based on Linux

control smartphones

to get a clean unistall

reduce file size so that files can be sent on the internet more efficiently

• troubleshooting utility that identifies and eliminates nonessential files
• frees up valuable disk space and improves system performance

• you catch a computer virus many ways
• opening attachments to email messages
• downloading software from the internet

• for many devices, the appropriate drivers are automatically selected and installed when the device is first connected to the computer system
• for others, the device driver must be manually installed

a container that houses most of the electronic components that make up a computer system

8 bits to a byte

controls communications for the enitre computer system

central processing unit contained on a single chip called the microprocessor

• tells the rest of the computer system how to carry out a program's instructions
• also directs these control signals between the CPU and input and output devices

allow a computer to run 2 programs simultaneously

• allow microcomputers to process large complex programs
• Windows 7
• Mac OS

• size of a regular credit card
• has an embedded specialty chip

track locations of objects or people

holds the programs and data that the CPU is presently processing before its output

• temporary high speed holding area between the memory and the CPU
• computer detects which info in RAM is most frequently used and then copies that info into Cache

• have info stored in them by the manufacturer
• cannot be changed by users
• computer startup instructions are stored in ROM

• Like RAM, can be updated to store new info
• like ROM, does not lose that info when power turned off
• stores start up instructions for a coputer

can be inserted into expansion slots to expand computer systems

• connects the parts of the CPU to each other
• provides pathways that support communication among the various electronic components and the CPU