means of communication that reach the public, including newspapers and magazines, radio, tv, films, recordings, books, and electronic comm
news media
media that emphasizes the news -__-
selective exposure
the process by which individuals screen out messages that do not conform to their own biases
selective preception
the process by which individuals perceive what they want in media messages
horse race
a close contest; by extension, any contest in which the focus is on who is ahead and by how much rather than on substantive differences btwn the candidates
the fourth branch/estate
media
agenda setting
what stories to consider newsworthy and how much prominence and space to give them
issue framing
"helping" or "forcing" people to see things in a certain light
ex. "pro choice"
image making
giving info then measuring reactions to make strategy
push polling
try to influence/alter opinion under guise of poll
sunshine laws
laws requiring federal agencies to open meeting to the press and public
objective journalism
independent from political parties (20th century)
media consultants
campaign professionals who provide candidates with advice and services on media relations, advertising strategy, and opinion polling
focus groups
small sample groups of ppl who are asked questions about candidates and issues in a discussion setting