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what is the percent of the co-occurrence of speech/language impairments with learning disabilities?
96%
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the professionals who help students maximize their communication skills?
speech/language pathologists (SLPs)
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the sender produces speech that is not understandable because speech sounds are not produced correctly
the root of a speech impairment
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the sender is unable to produce the intended message because of difficulties using language
root of a language problem
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speech sounds, written words, or hand gestures
communication symbols
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nonverbal expressions of a social formality or convention and usually announce some immediate event, person, action, or emotion
coomunication signals
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the vocal production of language
speech
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a rule-based method of communication involving the comprehension and use of the signs and symbols by which ideas are represented
language
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the process of exchanging knowledge, ideas, opinions, and feelings through the use of verbal or nonverbal language
communication
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all disabilities that result in difficulties with speech, language, and hearing
communication disorders
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what are the three major types of problems that are included with speech impairments?
- difficulties with:
- articulation
- fluency
- voice
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the process of producing speech sounds is flawed, and the resulting speech sounds are incorrect
- articulation problems
- baco bell instead of taco bell
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when the rate and flow pattern of a person's speech is of concern
- fluency problem
- stuttering
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one type of fluency problem where sounds or parts of words are repeated
stuttering
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if a child's voice is unusual given the age and sex of the individual
voice problem
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What are the two important qualities of a voice?
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What are the aspects of language?
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the rule system used in all language?
form (of language)
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What are the three components in the form of language?
- phonology
- morphology
- syntax
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the sound system of language that includes rules that govern various sound combinations
phonology
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awareness of the relationship between sounds in words and sound symbol
phonological awareness
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the rules that govern the parts of words that form the basic elements of their meanings and structures
morphology
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rules that govern word endings and the order of words in phrases and sentences
syntax
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the intent and meaning of spoken or written statements
content
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the system where the intent and meanings of words and sentences make up the content of the communication
semantics
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the application of language in various communications according to the social context of the situation
use
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the understanding of an object's purpose or function
pragmatics
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children who are indentified with language impairments during the preschool years are very likely to be identified as having what different disability in 3rd or 4th grade?
learning disabilities
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What are some different causes for speech impairments?
- brain damage
- malfunction of the respiratory or speech mechanism
- malformation of teh articulators
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an opening exists in the roof of the mouth
cleft palate
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the upper lip isn't connected resulting in an inability to form some speech sounds
cleft lip
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What are some major causes of language impairments?
- brain injury
- genetics
- the environment
- otitis media
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middle ear infection
otitis media
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What is something a mother can do to reduce the chance of their child getting a cleft palate?
folic acid
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assessment process used by SLPs to determine the potential effectiveness of different language interventions
dynamic assessment
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help students structure their learning, visualize the way information is presented in lectures and organized in texts, map out stories to improve comprehension, and see the relationships among vocabulary and concepts
graphic organizers
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provide defferent means for individuals with speech or language impairments to intract and communicate with others
Augmentative and alternative communication devices
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produces speech through a computer or high-tech device
speech synthesizer
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placemats where pictures and words are available for individuals who cannot speack or cannot speak clearly
communication boards
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