NRS131-Test_2.txt

symptoms associated with many disorders (itching)

• Histamine
• Protease
• Heat
• Cold
• Chemical

Ischemic ulcers resulting from pressure, shearing forces, friction, moisture

• Sacrum
• Heels
• Ischia
• Greater Trochanter

result in the endothelial cell lining capillaries becoming disrupted with platelet aggregation

1-Persistant redness in light pigmented skin, persistant redness w/ blue or purple hues in dark pigment

2- Partial thickness skin loss involving the epidermis or dermis or both, Abrasion, blister, shallow crater

3-Full thickness skin loss involving damage or necrosis of subcutanous tissue : Deep Crater w/ or w/o undermining of underlying tissue

4- Full thickness skin loss with extensive destruction, tissue necrosis or damage to muscle bone or supporting structures

• scars that are progressively enlargeing due to excessive collagen
• shiny, hairless, elevated scars
• more common in African Americans and Orientals, ages 10-30

within 1 year of trama

• Allergic Contact Dermatitis
• Irritant Contact Dermatitis
• Atopic Dermatitis
• Stasis Dermatitis
• Seborrheic Dermatitis

• Common form of cell mediated or delayed hypersensitivity
• s/s-Erythema, prurites, vesticles

poison ivy, metals, latex

• Nonimmunologically mediated inflammatino of the skin
• Severity R/T concentration and exposure time
• Lesions similar to allergic type

Acids, soaps, detergents

Eczema

• more common in Infancy and childhood
• has increase serum IgE
• Family history of asthma, hay fever, atopic dermatitis
• s/s- skin is dry sensitive, itchy, skin pruritus

• occurs as a result of venous stasis and edema
• Associated with varicosities, phlebitis and vasucular trauma
• Erythema, pruritus, scaling, petechiae, hyperpigmentation, may progress to ulcerations

• Chronic inflammation
• on scalp, eyebrows, eyelids, ear canals, axilla, chest, back
• Infants=cradle cap
• Scaly, whitish, yellow, plaques
• Pruritus

• Disorders charasterized by papules, scales, plaques, and erythema
• Ex-Psoriasis

• Furuncles (Boils)
• Carbuncle
• Cellulitus
• Impetigo

• (Boil)
• Inflammation of hair follicle, single
• Red, firm nodule that may progress to a cystic nodule
• will see pus and necrotic tissue

• Collection of infected hair follicles-multiple
• See them on back of neck, upper back, lateral thighs

• infection of dermis and subcutaneous tissue
• Extension of a skin wound, ulcer, furuncles, carbuncles
• Will see Erythema, warmth, edema, pain

• caused by Staph, group A B-hemolytic streph
• Common in infants and childern-in summer season
• Vesicles and pustules weep and crust
• honey color serous liquid
• Pruritus
• Communitable

• HSV-1
• HSV-2
• Herpes Zoster

• Cold sore or fever blister
• Nongenital sites--mouth and cornea
• Vesicles rupture and form crust
• Dormant in nerve ganglia
• Recurrence stress, hormones

• Genital infections
• Large number are sexually transmitted
• Vesicles that progress to ulceration

Shingles

• Varicella occurs as a primary infection followed years later by herpes zoster
• Burning pain, paresthesia localized to the affected dermatome
• Vesicular eruptions
• Find Face, cervical, thoracic dermatome

• Tinea Corporis
• Tinea Capitis
• Tinea Pedis
• Candida

• fungal infections of the skin and are classified according to thier location on the body
• can get from animal

• Body
• (Ring Worm)

Scalp

• Feet
• (Athlets Foot)

• caused by yeastlike fungus Candida Albicans
• Normally found on mucous membranes, skin , GI tract and Vagina
• s/s Burning, itching, whitich yellow curdlike substance
• ex-thrush

• moist warm environment
• antibiotics
• pregnancy
• cushing disease
• diabetes mellitus
• debilitated states
• <6 months of age
• Immunosuppression

• Tumors of the skin are normally associated with aging
• Seborrheic Keratosis
• Actinic Keratosis

• Benign proliferation of the basal cells that produce smooth or waxy elevated lesions
• more common in older adults
• on chest, back, face
• Shades of tan, yellow, flesh colored, brown-black lesions

• precancerous tumors associated with exposure to UV radiation of the sun
• risk=individuals w/ unprotected light skin
• pigments patchese of rough skin

• Mole
• pigments and nonpigmented
• Flat and elevated
• watch for malignant transformation

fair complexion, excessive exposure to the sun, tanning salons, or ultraviolet radiation predisposes a person

• caused by sunlight exposure
• on face, neck
• slow growth
• metastatic spread rate
• more common in men then women

• start as nodule
• Pearly/Ivory
• Depressed Center and rolled borders
• progressess to ulceration with waxy borders

• A tumor of the epidermis
• Malignant potential
• sun exposure and fair complexion
• Red, scaly, elevated, irregular borders
• shallow chronic ulcer

• A tumor originating from the melanocytes
• Rapidly progressive, metastatic
• intermittent intense sun exposure

Raised, black, brown most from Nevi or moles shades of red, blue or white

cells that synthesize the pigment melanin

• A=Asymmetry
• B=Border Irregularity
• C=Color variation
• D= diameter >6mm
• E=Evolving Change

• Vascular Malignancy
• Endothelial Cell
• Purplish brown macules-develop into plaques and nodules
• Immunosuppression, transplant recipient, AIDS, African middle aged blacks, Jewish descent

• Inflammatory disease with cutaneous manifestations
• Discoid (cutaneous) is limited to the skin and can lead to SLE
• Lesions are often located on light-exposed areas of the skin, and photosensitivity is common
• most common site=face "Butterfly Rash"

altered immune responce to an unknown antigen

• flat, circumscribed area that is a change in the color of the skin
• ex-freckle

• An elevared firm area circumscribed are less than 1 cm in diameter
• ex-wart

• A flat nonplable, irregular shaped macule more than 1 cm in diameter
• ex-port-wine stain

• Elevated, firm and rough lesion with flat top surface more than 1 cm in diameter
• ex-psoriasis

• elevated irregular shaped area of cutaneous edema
• ex-insect bite

Elevated firm circumscribed lesion; deeper in dermis that a papule

Elevated solid lesion, may be clearly demarcated; deeper in dermis, more than 2 cm in diameter

• Elevated, circumscribed superficial not into dermis, filled with serous fluid- less than 1 cm in diameter
• ex-chickpox

• vesticle more than 1 cm in diameter
• ex-blister

• elevated superficial lesion similar to a vesicle but filled with purulent fluid
• ex-acne

• Elevated circumscribed encapsulated lesion, in dermis or subcutaneous layer, filled with liquid or semisold material
• ex-sebaceous cyst

• Fine, irregular red lines produced by capillary dilation
• ex- Telangiectasia in rosacea

heaped up, keratinized cell, flaky skin, irregular thick or thin

• rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching, or skin irrritation
• ex-chronic dermatitis

• loss of the epidermis, linear, hollowed out, crusted area
• ex-abrasion, scabies

linear crack or break from the epidermis to the dermis

loss of part of the epidermis, depressed, moist, glistening, follows rupture of a vesicle or bulla

loss of epidermis and dermis, concave, varies in size

• thinning of the skin surface and loss of skin markings, skin appears translucent and paper like
• ex=Aged skin, striae