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Considered the founder of psychoanalysis
Freud
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Basic desires
Seeks instant gratification and pleasure
Impulsive, unthinking and disregards societal rules.
Primitive and instinctive
Id
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Opposite from id
Reflects one's ethical and moral values
The "conscience"
Foundations for the this are in one's cultural beliefs, parental and social expectations - rules of society and standards of behavior.
Superego
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Reality based
Balances impulses from id and demands from the superego
Uses a system of validation and testing
Represents successful functioning in the world based on mature and adaptive behavior
Ego
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Ego Defense Mechanisms
- Operate to protect the ego
- Unconscious way to manage conflit
- Represent coping mechanisms
- Can be adaptive or maladaptive
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Healthy defenses:
- Altruism
- Humor
- Sublimiation
- Suppression
- Substitution
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Being of charitable nature.
Altruism
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Substituting constructive and socially acceptable behavior for strong impulses that are unacceptable.
Sublimation
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Conscious exclusion of unacceptable thoughts or feelings
Suppression
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Replacing instant gratification
Substitution
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Intermediate defenses:
- Repression
- Displacement
- Reaction formation
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Pushes threatening thoughts back to unconscious level - forgets details of auto accident, PTSD, disassociation
Repression
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"Venting" intense feelings or emotions about someone to an object or person who is less threatening.
Displacement
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Acting the opposite from one's true feelings.
Reaction formation
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Other intermediate defense mechanisms:
- Undoing
- Rationalization
- Conversion
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Actions that are meant to "undo" behavior that was unacceptable or negative.
Cut throat businessman donates large amount to charity.
undoing
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Attempts to justify one's behavior by presenting reasons that sound logical.
Rationalization
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Expression of emotional conflict through developing a physical symptom
Conversion
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Moving back to a developmental stage associated with safety and well being.
Regression
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Immobilization of a portion of one's personality based on unsuccessful completion of developmental tasks - never learning to delay gratification
fixation
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Representing loss of self-ineffective Ego:
- Dissociation
- Identification
- Introjection
- Intellectualization
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Dealing with an event or situation by temporary or long term loss of memory - amnesia is an example
Dissociation
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Unable to decide on their own identity - showing strong traits of another.
Identification
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Taking on another person's traits more fully.
Introjection
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Using thinking to avoid unpleasant emotions - just the facts
Intellectualization
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Mechanisms that are often damaging to self or others:
- Denial
- Projection
- Resistance
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Refusal to believe or accept an unpleasant reality.
Denial
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Attributing one's own (unacceptable) feelings or wishes to another person
Projection
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Taking actions to avoid bringing repressed/painful memories to awareness - thus, altering coping and affecting one's actions.
Resistance
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