Basic desires Seeks instant gratification and pleasure Impulsive, unthinking and disregards societal rules. Primitive and instinctive
Id
Opposite from id Reflects one's ethical and moral values The "conscience" Foundations for the this are in one's cultural beliefs, parental and social expectations - rules of society and standards of behavior.
Superego
Reality based Balances impulses from id and demands from the superego Uses a system of validation and testing Represents successful functioning in the world based on mature and adaptive behavior
Ego
Ego Defense Mechanisms
Operate to protect the ego
Unconscious way to manage conflit
Represent coping mechanisms
Can be adaptive or maladaptive
Healthy defenses:
Altruism
Humor
Sublimiation
Suppression
Substitution
Being of charitable nature.
Altruism
Substituting constructive and socially acceptable behavior for strong impulses that are unacceptable.
Sublimation
Conscious exclusion of unacceptable thoughts or feelings
Suppression
Replacing instant gratification
Substitution
Intermediate defenses:
Repression
Displacement
Reaction formation
Pushes threatening thoughts back to unconscious level - forgets details of auto accident, PTSD, disassociation
Repression
"Venting" intense feelings or emotions about someone to an object or person who is less threatening.
Displacement
Acting the opposite from one's true feelings.
Reaction formation
Other intermediate defense mechanisms:
Undoing
Rationalization
Conversion
Actions that are meant to "undo" behavior that was unacceptable or negative.
Cut throat businessman donates large amount to charity.
undoing
Attempts to justify one's behavior by presenting reasons that sound logical.
Rationalization
Expression of emotional conflict through developing a physical symptom
Conversion
Immature defenses:
Regression
Fixation
Moving back to a developmental stage associated with safety and well being.
Regression
Immobilization of a portion of one's personality based on unsuccessful completion of developmental tasks - never learning to delay gratification
fixation
Representing loss of self-ineffective Ego:
Dissociation
Identification
Introjection
Intellectualization
Dealing with an event or situation by temporary or long term loss of memory - amnesia is an example
Dissociation
Unable to decide on their own identity - showing strong traits of another.
Identification
Taking on another person's traits more fully.
Introjection
Using thinking to avoid unpleasant emotions - just the facts
Intellectualization
Mechanisms that are often damaging to self or others:
Denial
Projection
Resistance
Refusal to believe or accept an unpleasant reality.
Denial
Attributing one's own (unacceptable) feelings or wishes to another person
Projection
Taking actions to avoid bringing repressed/painful memories to awareness - thus, altering coping and affecting one's actions.