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What are normal values for RBCs and hemoglobin respectively?
4.5 – 6.2 million/cu mm (mm3) andWomen - 12-16 &Men - 14-18 grams/dL
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What is iron deficiency anemia?
A microcytic, hypochromic anemia (low MCV, MCH, MCHC)
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What is the pathophysiology of immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP)?
A disorder in which antibodies usually IgG coat platelets that are then destroyed by the spleen
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What is acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?
Overproduction of lymphoblasts, abrupt onset, rapid progression in children
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What is chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)?
Malignant granulocytes that carry the Philadelphia chromosome.
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What initiates a sickle cell crisis causing anemia?
RBC shape changes in response to dehydration, hypoxia or acidosis
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What are manifestations of any anemia regardless of cause?
Tachycardia, tachypnea, dyspnea, fatigue, pale, cool extremities
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What are characteristics of hemoglobin F?
Carries 8 molecules of oxygen and comprises 70% of a newborn’s blood
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What is an increased MCV, MCH, and MCHC?
Indicates a large RBC and used to diagnose Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anemias
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What are manifestations of aplastic anemia?
Fever and chills; petechiae, bruising, and nosebleeds; tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue
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Hemoglobin synthesis requires this mineral
Iron
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What is chronic lymphocytic leukemia?
Malignant transformation of B cells that invade lymph nodes
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What are manifestations of hematologic malignancies?
Anemia, bleeding, bruising & frequent infections
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What is secondary polycythemia?
Increased RBC in response to chronic hypoxia
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What are risk factors for vitamin B12 deficiency anemia?
Chronic alcoholism, gastric bypass surgery, chronic atrophic gastritis
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What are normal values for WBCs and platelets respectively?
5,000 - 10,000/cu mm3 and 150,000 -400,000/ mm3
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What manifestations would the nurse expect for a client whose platelet count is 50,000.mm3?
Bruising and prolonged bleeding times
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What are manifestations for vitamin B12 deficiency
Paresthesias of hands and feet, ataxia, vibratory sense disturbances
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What are manifestations of polycythemia?
Deep vein thrombosis, splenic and hepatic congestion
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What are characteristics of B-cell, T-cell or NK cell lymphoma (non-Hodgkin lymphoma)?
Originates in B-cells, T-cells or NK cells.
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What are characteristics of Hodgkin lymphoma?
Malignant disorder of lymph nodes with Reed Sternberg cell, spreads in a predictable manner.
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What are manifestations of 40% loss of blood?
Hypotension, tachypnea, cold, clammy skin
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What is pernicious anemia?
Autoimmune disease that destroys parietal cells that produce intrinsic factor needed to absorb Vitamin B12.
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What is the significant of a high hematocrit (above 52%)?
That high lab value indicates dehydration or concentrated blood.
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Compromises 30% of a newborn’s blood.
Hemoglobin A
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What is a manifestation of folic acid anemia?
Neural tube defect
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What is opisthotonus?
The head and heel bent backward and body bowed forward.
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What is multiple myeloma?
Proliferation of malignant plasma cells that infiltrate bone.
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