The flashcards below were created by user
eingram
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
What is blood composed off?
- Plasma
- Leukocytes
- Platelets
- Eyrthrocytes
-
What represents percentage of RBC out of blood volume?
hematocrit
-
What are some physical characteristics of blood?
- color (varying)
- pH (7.35-7.45)
- temp (38*C)
- volume (M: 5-6 L, F: 4-5 L)
-
When does blood volume go up in women?
when they are pregnant
-
What are three basic functions of blood?
To distribute, regulate, and protect
-
What does blood distrubute?
- respiratory gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide)
- metabolic wastes away from cells
- hormones
-
What does blood regulate?
- body temperature
- pH
- blood volume
-
How does blood help protect the body?
- clotting
- immune components (WBC)
-
What is blood's plasma mostly?
90% water
-
How many solutes are in blood?
over 100
-
What percentage of blood does plasma make up?
55%
-
What protein make up 60% of plasma?
albumin
-
What three proteins are in plasma?
Albumin, globulins, fibrinogen
-
What does albumin contribute to?
osmotic pressure
-
What regulates water and maintains blood pressure?
osmotic pressure
-
Which protein in plasma makes antibodies?
globulins
-
Which protein in plasma makes fibers for clotting?
fibrinogens
-
What are some nitrogenous substances found in plasma?
lactic acid, urea, creatine
-
What organic nutrients are found in plasma?
glucose, amino acids, carbohydrates
-
What five chemicals are found in plasma?
- Na+ (sodium)
- K+ (Potassium)
- Ca2+ (calcium)
- Cl- (flouride)
- bicarbonate
-
What does bicarbonate in plasma do?
acts as a buffer to maintain pH in blood
-
What respiratory gases are found in plasma?
oxygen and carbon dioxide
-
What percent of blood composition is RBC?
45%
-
What blood cell has a biconcave disc shape?
RBC
-
Why do RBCs have a biconcave disc shape?
high surface area carries more oxygen
-
Which cell is bigger, RBC or WBC?
WBC
-
Which blood cell has no nucelus?
RBC
-
How long do RBCs live?
100-120 days
-
What characteristic of RBCs allow them to travel?
flexibility
-
What is RBCs main function?
transport respiratory gases
-
What blood cell is filled with hemoglobin?
RBC
-
What are the hemoglobin contents?
preotin bonded with oxygen and carbon dioxide
-
How many hemoglobin are found in one RBC?
250
-
How many oxygen moelcules can bond with one hemoglobin?
4
-
What is made of four polypeptide chains bound to an atom of iron(Fe)?
Globin
-
What is the formation of blood cells in the red bone marrow called?
Hematopoieses
-
What bones does hematopoiesis take place in?
axial skeleton and girdles
-
What bones does hematopoiesis take place in, in the epihphysis?
femur and humerus
-
How long does hematopoiesis take?
15 days
-
What is the name of the stem cells that forms all blood cells?
hemacytoblast
-
What becomes of a hemocytoblast?
becomes a committed cell
-
What is a hemocytoblast that becomes committed to being an erythrocyte called?
prorythroblast
-
What happens in phase 1 of erythropoiesis?
ribosome synthesis
-
What happens in phase 2 of erythropoiesis?
hemoglobin accumulation
-
What happens in phase 3 of erythropoiesis?
ejection of nucleus and enters into the bloodstream to mature
-
What hormone controls erythropoiesis?
erythropoietin
-
What organ is erythropoietin released by?
kidneys
-
What triggers the release of erythropoietin?
tissue's deman for oxygen
-
What increases the RBC count in circulating blood?
erythropoietin
-
What condition triggers EPO to be made?
hypoxia
-
What nutrients does Erythropoiesis need?
- protein
- lipids
- iron
- B12
- folic acid
- carbohydrates
-
Where is MOST iron stored in the bloodstream?
in hemoglobin
-
What organs is iron stored in?
liver, spleen, and bone marrow
-
What are some intracellular iron components?
ferritin and hemosiderin (protein-iron complexes)
-
What is circulating iron?
transferrin
-
What is the erythrocyte's life span?
100-120 days
-
What do macrophages do?
engluf dying erythrocytes in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow
-
What seperates the dead erythrocytes heme and globin?
macrophages
-
What happens to globin when it is broken down by macrophages?
broken down into amino acids released into the blood stream
-
What RBC disorder causes fatigue, paleness, chills, and shortness of breath?
anemia
-
What disorder is caused by an insufficient number of erythrocytes, or decreased/abnormal hemoglobin?
anemia
-
What is sickle cell anemia caused by?
defective gene
-
Why would it be good to have one copy of the sickle cell gene?
advantage against malaria
-
What RBC disorder can be treated by blood transfusion or other oxygen treatment?
sickle cell anemia
-
What happens in polycythemia?
- increased blood
- excess RBCs
- increased viscosity
-
What RBC disorder is caused by low oxygen environments, oxygen deprived tissue, or a possible tumor on the kidney?
polycythemia
-
What RBC disorder shows high BP?
polycythemia
-
What leaves capillaries of the bloodstream via diapedesis?
leukocytes
-
What kind of spaces can leukocytes move through?
tissue space
-
What WBC disorder is caused by infection, leukemia, or infectious mononucelosis?
leukocytosis
-
What WBC disorder shows less than 5k/mm3 WBCs?
leukopenia
-
What are two types of WBC?
granulocytes and agranulocytes
-
What contain granules, have lobed nuclei, and are phacytic cells?
granulocytes
-
What is the most numerous leukocyte?
neutrophils
-
What do neutrophils do?
bacteria slayers
-
What is polymorphonuclear?
neutrophils
-
What leads the body's counter attack against parasitic worms?
eosonophils
-
What releases histamine to produce inflammation?
basophils
-
What chemical do basophils release to attract other WBC?
histamine
-
What does it mean to say that histamine acts as a vasodialator?
swells area by signaling more WBCs to the area
-
Which leukocyte is multi lobed?
neutrophil
-
Which leukocyte has red granules and is bi lobed?
eosonophils
-
Which leukocyte is granulated and bilobed but ithey are not obvious?
basophils
-
What leukocyte makes up 25% of WBCs?
lymphocytes
-
Where are lymphocytes most located?
in lymphoid tissue
-
What are two types of lymphocytes?
- T(hymus) cells
- B(one) cells
-
Which lymphocyte is used in immunity?
T cells
-
Which lymphocyte gives rise to plasma cells that produce antibodies?
B cells
-
What is the largest leukocyte?
Monocyte
-
What leukocyte can morph into macrophages?
monocyte
-
Which leukocytes is highly mobile and phagocytic?
monocyte
-
What are platelets fragments of?
megakaryocytes
-
What are some treatments for leukemia?
- irradiation
- bone marrow transplant
- antileukmic drugs
-
What is a cancerous overproduction of WBCs that are disfunctional?
lukemia
-
What happens in hemostasis to stop bleeding?
- vascular spasm - restrict amount of blood loss
- platelet plug formation
- coagulation
-
What happens when platelets form a plug to stop a bleed?
platelets release chemicals to signal for more platel;ets to come to the site
-
What type of feedback system is the platelet plug formation?
positive
-
What happens during coagulation when the body stops a bleed?
- plateletes release chemicals
- Prothrombin and thrombin are activated
- Thrombin activates fibrinogen to fibrin
- fibrin makes a mesh to trap blood cells
-
What is the difference between a thrombus and an embolus?
- thrombus - clot develops and persists in unbroken blood vessel
- embolus - a thrombus freely floating in blood stream
-
What substances are used to prevent clotting?
aspirin, heparin, warfarin
-
What is a common type of warfarin?
Coumadin
-
How does aspiring "thin" your blood?
Aspirin inhibits platelets
-
What promotes agglutination?
RBC antigens
|
|