NUR 4 Cardio test

Pulseless electrical activity

CPR!

• 0.10-0.20 sec (ideal)
• Prolonged may mean a 1st degree heart block

• Measure R atrial pressure, assesses preload
• *Listen to lung sounds for pneumothorax & lung puncture

• Measures pt.s response to medications, cardiac index, measures afterload,
• * zero every shift (@ start) & PRN
• -If pt. fine and readings bad= check equipment
• -If pt doing bad but readings fine CHECK PT

Supports L ventricular function, used w/ pt.s with low cardiac index.

• O2,
• rest to decrease demand of O2,
• Beta blockers given long-term

Pericardial effussion (fluid) which can lead to Cardiac tamponade (increased pressure)

MAP- mean artereal pressure

Decrease MAP 25% per hr.

• - Effects contractility
• - Pos= increase contractility
• -Neg= decrease contractility

• Pos= increase HR
• Neg= decrease HR

• Pos= increased rate of conduction
• Neg= decrease rate of conduction

Accumilation of fatty deposits in the artery walls

Hardening, thickening, & loss of elasticity

• ACE inhibitor
• tx. for HTN & CHF
• Orthostatic hypotension SE
• Fail on ACE go to ARB

• If fail on ACE go to ARB
• tx. for CHF & HTN
• Used after MI to reduce remodeling of myocardium

Epinephrine

Increase CO

Extent of the cardiac damage

Used to stimulate HR to inrease

• 1) HR too slow
• 2) AV/SA nodes not fireing
• 3) disconnect of electrical signal within heart

• Measure R atrial pressure, assessed preload
• * RN responsibility during cutdown CVP- listen to lung sounds for pneumothorax & lung puncture

• pt.s response to medications, cardiac index, measures afterload,
• * RN responsibility- zero every shift (@ start) and if pt. fine and readings bad= check equipment & pt doing bad but readings fine CHECK PT

• Ratio of CO to body mass,
• 2-4 normal range, it’s a number and below 2 is bad perfusion

Supports L ventricular function, used w/ pt.s with low cardiac index.

• Used during surgery to prevent or treat tachycardia,
• Used as tx of acute supraventricular tachycardia

• -Tx and prevent certain types of serious ventricular arrhythmias
• -works by relaxing overactive heart muscles

• Tx. of high blood pressure & control angina. calcium-channel blockers.
• Relaxes blood vessels to reduce workload on heart.

Asystole

Sinus tach

sinus bradycardia

A-Fib

V-Tach

A flutter

Normal Sinus Rhythm

• CO, EF, size of atria & ventricles
• -tell us about hypertrophy,
• Can differentiate the different types of cardiomyopathy

• -Dsg in groin area
• -Assess for bleeding immediate post op and after activity…such as ambulation to the bathroom,
• - avoid hematoma formation at the site.
• - Drink water to flush dye out of system (watch kidney function)
• o May give Mucomyst to help flush out the dye
• o Cardiac cath used to assess patency of coronary arteries

• On = 15+ min
• Off = 5+ min

• Cause = intracardiac thrombi or systematic thrombi
• Lead to = lethal ventricular rhythm – THIS IS BIGGEST CONCERN!!!

• ST segment will be elevated above baseline for injury,
• ST depressed below baseline for ischemia.

Crackles, rales- SOB, dyspnea- Pink Frothy sputum with pulmonary edema

• decreases inflammation,
• can cause bleeding,
• don’t take with coumadin

• treats HTN and HF –
• ACE inhibitor, watch for dry non productive cough. If this occurs, switch to ARB.
• Vasodilates so think safety regarding BP.
• May get metallic taste on mouth or loss of taste

• increases firing of SA node so it increases HR,
• Useful in treating some heart blocks and bradycardia.
• Used to be used in asystole and PEA

• Avoid = isometric exercises (weight lifting)
• Do = Isotonic like walking

may indicate that a pacemaker is stimulating the diaphragm