Pedi Module 1

measurements of the prevalence of a specific illness in the population at a particular time, generally presented as rates per 1,000, may denote acute illness, chronic disease, or disability, increasing morbidity occurs in homeless children, children living in poverty, LBW children, children with chronic illness, foreign-born adopted children, and children in daycare centers

the incidence or number of individuals who have died over a specific period, generally presented as rates per 100,000

the number of deaths during the first year of life per 1,000 live births

the number of deaths during the first 28 days or less of life

the number of deaths during 28 days to 11 months of life

caring, well-defined boundaries separate the nurse from the child and family, boundaries are positive and professional and promote the family’s control over the child’s health care, open communication is maintained

recognizes the family as the constant in a child’s life, health care personnel must support, respect, encourage, and enhance the strength and competence of the family by developing a partnership with parents

professionals enable families by creating opportunities and means for all family members to display their current abilities and competencies and to acquire new ones to meet the needs of the child and family

describes the interaction of professionals with families in such a way that families maintain or acquire a sense of control over their family lives and acknowledge positive changes that result from helping behaviors that foster their own strengths, abilities, and actions

-attachment to parent
-stranger anxiety
-sensorimotor phase of learning
-increased m. control
-imatation of gestures

-egocentric thought (explain procedure from tactile perspective)
-negative behavior-animism (keep frightning objects out of view)
-limited language skills
-limited concept of time
-striving for independence

-egocentric thought
-increased language skills
-limited concept of time and frustration tolerance
-illness and hopsitalization viewed as punishment
-animism-fears of bodily harm
-striving for initiative

-concrete thought
-interest in acquiring knowledge
-improved concept of time
-increased self control
-desires participation
-developing relationships with peers

-abstract thought, want explanations
-conscious of appearance
-concerned with present rather than future
-striving for independence
-developing peer relationships

interval scale that includes five categories of behavior

what are the five? and how are they scored?

Reaction of parents to child's illness

Infants during assessment

early childhood children during assessment

school aged children during assessment

Adolescence aged children during assessment

Physical development

weight changes the first six months

Physical development

1 month

Physical development

2 months

Physical development

3 months

Physical development

4 months

Physical development

5 months

Physical development

6 months

Physical development

7 months

Physical development

8 months

Physical development

9 months

Physical development

10 months

Physical development

11 months

Physical development

12 months

Physical development

15 months

Physical development

18 months

Physical development

24 months

Physical development

30 months

Physical development

Pre-schoolers

(avg wt of 3,4,5 yr olds)

Physical development

accomplishments of a 3 yr old

Physical development

accomplishments of a 4 yr old

Physical development

School aged child

Physical development

School Aged child

6 years old

Physical development

School Aged child

7 years old

Physical development

School Aged child

8-9 years old

Physical development

School Aged child

10-12 years old

Physical development

Adolescents

Weight measurement accuracy for growth assessment

general growth should be between __ and __ percentile for ht, wt, and head circumference

6 month old average weight is ___

1 year old average weight is ___

6 month old average ht is ___

1 year old average height is ___

average head circumference at 6 months age is ___

averages for a 2 year old:

ht-___
wt-___

average for a 6 year old

wt-__
ht-__

averages for a 12 year old

wt-__
ht-__

age of even head molding, occipital prominence, systemic facial features and a fused suture

Freud's 5 stages of growth and development in order:

Erikson's 5 stages of growth and development in order:

Piaget's 5 stages of growth and development in order:

age when stranger anxiety is greatest

walk alone using a wide stance for extra balance

try to run but fall easily

refinement of upright position to improve coordination and equilibrium

walk up and down stairs

jump using two feet

climb stairs with alternate foot

walking, climbing, jumping

skips and hops on one foot and catches ball reliably

skips on alternate fee and jumps rope

begins to skate and swim

primary form of dehydration in children, occurs when e- and water deficits are present in near balanced proportions, no osmotic force between ICF and ECF. Na level remains between 130-150mEq/L

occurs when e- deficit needs exceeds the water deficit, leaving serum hypotonic. ICF is more concentrated than ECF and water moves from ECF to ICF to establish equilibrium. tends to be more severe Na level is less than 130mEq/L

results from water loss in excess of e- loss and is usually caused by proportionately larger loss of water or larger intake of e-. most dangerous and requires more specific fluid. Na is greater than 150mEq/L

three principles in providing atraumatic care

considered to be the leading cause of neonatal death in the US

the leading cause of death in children over 1 year (mostly MV)

____ and ____ are important determinants in the prevalence of injuries at a given age

follows light to midline at ____mo

posterior fontanel closes and crawling reflex disappears at ___ mo

at 2 mo, infants need ___ to help prevent ricketts and vit d deficiency

at 2-3 mo it is common for a child to have ___ ___ as a result of hematopoetic changes

primitive reflexes begin to fade at ____ mo

visual acuity- binoculr (fusion) develops at ___, and well est at ___

drooling begins, moro, tonic neck and rooting reflexes have disappeared at ___ mo

___ begins at 4 mo b/c of poorly coordinated swallow refelx

digestive process begins

the infant should be transitioned to solid foods around ___ mo

which of the following characteristics best describes fine motor skills of a 5 mo old infant

maternal iron stores are present in the newborn for ___ mo

at __ mo able to roll; back to abd.

at __ mo able to roll; abd to back

age which chewing and biting occur

any child who displays head lag at __ mo should have a dev. and neuro eval

teething may begin w/ eruption of lower central incisors at ___ mo

infants gain __ oz weekly until approx 6 mo

seperation anxiety becomes prominent when attachtment has happend around __ mo

depth perception of an infant develops at __ mo

reg patterns in bladder and bowel elim and parachute reflex appears

at ___ mo old, the infant is able to comprehend meaning of "no" and obey simple commands

anterior fontanels almost closed, lumbar curve develops and babinski reflex disappears at ___ mo

at 1 yr, infants wt has ___

voluntary control of the anal and urethral sphincters is achieved by age ___

potty training should begin b/w ___ and ___ mo

girls are ready ___ to ___ mo before boys

primary dentition complete at ___ mo

the measurement of ht, wt, head circumference, proportions, skinfold thickness, and arm circumference in young children

fever in infants less than 3 months is ___

fever in infants 3 to 36 months of age is ___

fever in children older than 3 years old is ___