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the lowest frequencey component of a complex periodic wave.
fundamental frequency
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the repetition rate of a complex periodic wave. It is the vibrating frequency of the vocal folds (1st harmonic)
Fundamental Frequency
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whole number multiples of F0
Harmonics
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A peak of resonance in the vocal tract, formants are displayed in a wide-band spectorgram as broad bands of energy.
Formant Frequency
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The resonance frequencies of the vocal tract are commonly referred to as F1, F2, F3.
Formant Frequency
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An acoustic filter passes or blocks components of osund of different frequencies. For ex, low-acoustic filter blocks the high-freq components of a wave, and passes the low frequency components.
Acoustic filters
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Time b/w the release of a stop consonant and phonation (time required to initiate sound). Lead (voicing b4 the release)
Lag (voicing after the stop release)
Zero ( some overlapping)
VOT- Voice Onset Time
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Sibliants are high or low intensity?
high intensity
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Non- Sibliants are high or low intensity?
low intensity
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F1: tongue height
Increase tongue height = ?
low F1
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Regarding F1, decrease tongue height =?
high F1
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Regarding F1, higher the tongue, _____ lip aperture
smaller
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Regarding F1, the lower the tongue, ______lip aperture
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some vowels are inherently longer than other. Tendency for duration to increase as f1 increases.
Instrinsic vowel duration
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The wider the mouth opening, the ___ the duration
longer
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lip protrusion=longer oral cavity= ?
lower frequency
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Amplitude by time
waveform
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amplitude by frquency
spectrum
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amplitude by frequency by time
spectrogram
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what does not account for differences between long and short vowels
transitions
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What is directly related to how wide the speakers mouth is? (ie Intensity)
Amplitude
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Dynamic information is sufficient to ID. Beginning and end of the vowel has important information
silent centers.
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This resembles vowels and are characterized by changing formant frequencies particulary F2 & F3
semivowels
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glides: /w/ (low F2) and /j/ (high F2)
liquids:/r/ (low F3) and /l/ (high F3)
are examples of
semivowels
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/w/ has a _____ F2 and /j/ has a F2
low, high
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/r/ has a ____ F3 and /l/ has a ____ F3
low, high
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short transitions cue
stops
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long transitions cue
semivowels
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very long transitions cue
vowel
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The following stops /p/ /t/ /k/ are voiceless or voiced
voiceless
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The following stops /b/ /d/ /g/ are voiceless or voiced
voiced
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What is distingueshed by silent gaps, noise bursts, rise/fall and change in F1?
stops
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Assumption that each consonant has a characteristic and fixed frequency position, or locus. (Silence 1/2 transition and then they were able to ID sound)if whole transition was maintained it was IDed as different sound
Locus Theory
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Sounds are distinguished by
Manner place and voicing
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What group of sounds are characterized by the presence of nasal murmur, presence of nasal resonances (lowers F1 of neighboring vowels)
nasals (m,n ing)
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What group of sounds are characterized by the longer duration for voiceless (rupee vs. ruby), longer when following vowel is stressed (CONtent vs. conTENT)
Medial
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What group of sounds are determined by the preceding vowel (shorter duration = unvoiced "lip", longer= voiced "lib"
voicing of stops (Final)
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