Bio; Chemstry of life

# of protons

protons + Neutrons

same number as protons

shell 1: 2

shell 2: 8

shell 3: 8

-atoms or molecules combine

-energy is absorbed for bond formation

-molecule is broken down

-chemical energy is released

-sharing pair of valence electrons

- # of electrons required to complete an atom's valence shell determines how many bonds will form

-attraction for electrons

-electrons shared equally

ex) diatomic H and O

-one atom more electronegative than the other (charged)

ex) Water

-high electronegativity difference strips valence electrons away from another atom

positive ion

negative ion

the totality of an organisms chemical processes; managing the material and energy resources of the cell

breakdown of complex molecules to simpler compounds

ex) degradative process such as cellular respiration releases energy

build complicated molecules from simpler ones

ex) protein synthesis, photosynthesis. Consumes energy

hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom (oxygen or nitrogen)

quantity of heat required to convert 1g from liquid to gas state

• *moderates earths temp
• *mammals can sweat

amount of heat absorbed or lost to change temperature by 1 C, water stabilizes temperature

• * can absorb a lot of heat before it boils
• *protect us from rapid temp changes

H+ bonds holding molecules to another substance

H+ bonds holding molecules together

increases the hydrogen concentration of a solution

reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution

power of hydrogen

are elements that have a tendency to lose electrons and form cations. Normally do not accept electrons

have a tendecy to gain or share electrons with other atoms. They are electronegative in character.