unit 2 definitions.txt

Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis, and carb catabolism couples further breakdown to form ATP. Slower process resulting in more ATP. Happens in the cytoplasm

Glycolysis where lactic acid is the end result. Rapid but limited ATP production. "Rapid glycolysis" Requires maximal effort for 90 seconds. Happens in the cytoplasm

A molecule (carb, lipid, & protein) that gives up the electron. "Biologic Burning"

Complex non-protein substance that facilitates enzyme action by binding the substrate with its specific enzyme. -dormant enzyme without activation by additional substances. "coenzyme"

During the breakdown of macronutrient energy molecules, the breakdown of one compound provides energy for building another compound. Occurs in pairs

Tendency of decreased capacity to perform work; tendency of potential energy to degrade to kinetic energy of motion with a lower capacity for work. A measure of randomness or disorder; that fraction of energy (heat) content not available for work usually because it has been used to increase random motion of atoms or molecules in a system

A highly specific and large protein catalyst, accelerates the forward and reverse rates of chemical reactions within the body without being consumed or changed in the reaction.Govern reaction that would normally take place but at a much slower rate.

Glycogen is converted to glucose. Occurs in the cells cytoplasm.Happens during the first stage of rapid glycolysis.

When a triacylglycerol breaks down to glycerol and 3 water insoluble fatty acid molecules :Triaclyglycerol + 3 H2O > Lipase> Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids

The donation of electrons. Couples with reduction because every oxidation coincides with a reduction.

Accepting electrons. Shares with oxidative reaction.

(fast) portion of recovery oxygen that restores the intramuscular high-energy phosphates ATP and PCr and reloads muscles myoglobin and blood's hemoglobin.

Aka onset of blood lactate accumulation or OBLA. Point of abrupt increase in blood lactate. Occurs at a higher percentage of an endurance athlete's VO2 max

AKA Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption or recovery oxygen uptake. Excess oxygen uptake about the resting level in recovery. Total oxygen consumed after exercise in excess of a pre-exercise baseline level.

(slow) portion of recovery oxygen that represents reconversion of lactate to liver glycogen.

VO2 Max. the highest oxygen uptake achieved despite increases in exercise intensity. VO2 max indicates an individual's capacity to aerobically resynthese ATP.

A balance between energy required by the body and the rate of aerobic ATP production. A plateau of oxygen uptake.

asses human energy metabolism by measuring heat production similarly to the method for determining the energy value of foods in the bomb calorimeter.

all energy-reactions in the body ultimately depend on the use of oxygen. By measuring a person's oxygen uptake, researchers obtain an indirect yet accurate estimate of energy expenditure. Closed-circuit and open-circuit spirometer represent the two methods of indirect calorimetry.

ratio of the volume of carbon dioxide expired to the volume of oxygen consumed on a total body level.

the ratio of amount of CO2 produced to amount of O2 consumed at the cellular level.

The rate of minimum energy requirements that sustains the body's function in the waking state. Can be measured through oxygen uptake while under certain conditions: NPO for 12 hrs, no undue muscular exersion for 12 hrs, measured after person has been lying quietly for 30-60 minutes in a dimly lit, temp controlled room.

AKA thermic effect of food. Consuming food increases energy metabolism from the energy-requiring processes of digesting, absorbing and assimilating nutrients.

applies when one requires specific rates of work and speed or in nutritional studies that features energy expenditures over extended durations.

oxygen uptake and kilocalories commonly express differences in exercise intensity. As an alternative, a convenient way to express exercise intensity classifies physical effort as multiples of resting energy expenditure, with a unit less measure. Which is why MET was developed.- one MET represents an adult's average seated resting oxygen consumption or energy expenditure.