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Omidancer1
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Cupula
- apex of lung (top)
- part of lung that can emerge above first rib
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Grooves
- Cardiac notch: on L lung
- Aortic: on L lung
- Azygos: on R lung
- Superior vena cava: on R lung
- Esphageal: on both lungs
- Trachea: on both lungs
- Diaphragm: on both lungs
- Thymus gland: on both lungs
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Hilum
- "root of lung"
- medial
- Contains: bronchi, pulmonary veins, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary ligament (inferior extension of pleura, double fold, that surrounds hilum)
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Larynx
- First place with just air
- lies between C3-C6
- Guards airway and houses vocal cords in thyroid cartilage
- cricoid - only round cartilage - connects larynx and trachea
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Trachea
- 16-20 C shaped cartilage rings
- lies between C6-T4
- divides into two primary bronchi
- lined with cilia that beat upwards to remove mucus (nicotine slows beating of cilia)
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Carina
- cartilage at split of the trachea
- has extra nerves that cause coughing if something gets that far down in airway
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R main bronchus
- straighter and shorter
- enters lung at hilum
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L main bronchus
- longer to go around heart
- enters lung at hilum
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Lobar bronchi
division of main bronchi at hilum: 2L, 3R
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Segmental Bronchi
Divisions of lobar bronchi: 8-10 on L; 10 on R
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Bronchioles
- branches of segmental bronchi
- first branches with no cartilage
- more smooth muscle --> allows for constriction to adjust airflow
- conduction bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles
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Pulmonary alveoli
- site of gas exchange
- alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs
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Lobes of lungs
3 on R, 2 on L
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Bronchopulmonary segments
- segment of lung that has its own airway and blood supply and is seperated from other segments by connective tissue
- can be seperately ausculated to listen for congestion
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Bronchopulmonary segments of R lung
- Superior lobe: Apical, Posterior, Anterior
- Middle lobe: Lateral, Medial
- Lower lobe: Superior, Anterior Basal, Medial Basal, Lateral Basal, Posterior Basal
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Bronchopulmonary segments of L lung
- Superior lobe: Apical, Posterior, Anterior, Superior Lingular, Inferior Lingular
- Inferior lobe: Superior, Anterior Basal, Medial Basal, Lateral Basal, Posterior Basal
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Atalectasis
collapse of one segment of lung due to a blockage of a segmental bronchus
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Pneumothorax
collapsed lung
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Thoracocentesis
insertion of needle through intercostal space into pleural space to obtain fluid sample or remove blood/fluid
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Parts of parietal pleura
- cervical
- mediastinal
- costal
- diaphragmatic
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Costodiaphragmatic reccesses
- space between base of lungs and diaphragmatic surface of parietal pleura
- two ribs wide
- can stick chest tube here
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Lungs end at:
- Midclavicular line: 6th rib
- Midaxillary line: 8th rib
- Scapular line: 10th rib
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Parietal pleura ends at:
- Midclavicular line: 8th rib
- Midaxillary line: 10th rib
- Scapular line: 12th rib
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Horizontal fissure of R lung
Matches up with rib 4
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Oblique fissures
match up with SP T4 posteriorly, rib 6 anteriorly
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"Bucket handle" movement
- occurs in lower ribs
- costotransverse joints glide/slide to allow lateral portion of ribs to move up and down
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"pump handle" action
- upper ribs pushing sternum anteriorly
- costotransverse joint is concave/convex which allows anterior end of rib to move up and down
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Muscles of Inspiration
- Quiet: diaphragm, external intercostals
- Forced/Active: scalenes, SCM, levator costarum, pectoralis major
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Muscles of Expiration
- Quiet: none
- Forced/Active: transverse thoracis, internal intercostals, all four abdominal muscles, serratus posterior inferior
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