-
Cupula
- apex of lung (top)
- part of lung that can emerge above first rib
-
Grooves
- Cardiac notch: on L lung
- Aortic: on L lung
- Azygos: on R lung
- Superior vena cava: on R lung
- Esphageal: on both lungs
- Trachea: on both lungs
- Diaphragm: on both lungs
- Thymus gland: on both lungs
-
Hilum
- "root of lung"
- medial
- Contains: bronchi, pulmonary veins, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary ligament (inferior extension of pleura, double fold, that surrounds hilum)
-
Larynx
- First place with just air
- lies between C3-C6
- Guards airway and houses vocal cords in thyroid cartilage
- cricoid - only round cartilage - connects larynx and trachea
-
Trachea
- 16-20 C shaped cartilage rings
- lies between C6-T4
- divides into two primary bronchi
- lined with cilia that beat upwards to remove mucus (nicotine slows beating of cilia)
-
Carina
- cartilage at split of the trachea
- has extra nerves that cause coughing if something gets that far down in airway
-
R main bronchus
- straighter and shorter
- enters lung at hilum
-
L main bronchus
- longer to go around heart
- enters lung at hilum
-
Lobar bronchi
division of main bronchi at hilum: 2L, 3R
-
Segmental Bronchi
Divisions of lobar bronchi: 8-10 on L; 10 on R
-
Bronchioles
- branches of segmental bronchi
- first branches with no cartilage
- more smooth muscle --> allows for constriction to adjust airflow
- conduction bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles
-
Pulmonary alveoli
- site of gas exchange
- alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs
-
Lobes of lungs
3 on R, 2 on L
-
Bronchopulmonary segments
- segment of lung that has its own airway and blood supply and is seperated from other segments by connective tissue
- can be seperately ausculated to listen for congestion
-
Bronchopulmonary segments of R lung
- Superior lobe: Apical, Posterior, Anterior
- Middle lobe: Lateral, Medial
- Lower lobe: Superior, Anterior Basal, Medial Basal, Lateral Basal, Posterior Basal
-
Bronchopulmonary segments of L lung
- Superior lobe: Apical, Posterior, Anterior, Superior Lingular, Inferior Lingular
- Inferior lobe: Superior, Anterior Basal, Medial Basal, Lateral Basal, Posterior Basal
-
Atalectasis
collapse of one segment of lung due to a blockage of a segmental bronchus
-
Pneumothorax
collapsed lung
-
Thoracocentesis
insertion of needle through intercostal space into pleural space to obtain fluid sample or remove blood/fluid
-
Parts of parietal pleura
- cervical
- mediastinal
- costal
- diaphragmatic
-
Costodiaphragmatic reccesses
- space between base of lungs and diaphragmatic surface of parietal pleura
- two ribs wide
- can stick chest tube here
-
Lungs end at:
- Midclavicular line: 6th rib
- Midaxillary line: 8th rib
- Scapular line: 10th rib
-
Parietal pleura ends at:
- Midclavicular line: 8th rib
- Midaxillary line: 10th rib
- Scapular line: 12th rib
-
Horizontal fissure of R lung
Matches up with rib 4
-
Oblique fissures
match up with SP T4 posteriorly, rib 6 anteriorly
-
"Bucket handle" movement
- occurs in lower ribs
- costotransverse joints glide/slide to allow lateral portion of ribs to move up and down
-
"pump handle" action
- upper ribs pushing sternum anteriorly
- costotransverse joint is concave/convex which allows anterior end of rib to move up and down
-
Muscles of Inspiration
- Quiet: diaphragm, external intercostals
- Forced/Active: scalenes, SCM, levator costarum, pectoralis major
-
Muscles of Expiration
- Quiet: none
- Forced/Active: transverse thoracis, internal intercostals, all four abdominal muscles, serratus posterior inferior
|
|