CVD

are mostly found in animal products, such as butter, meat, and cheese (as well as tropical oils)

_______________ of vegetables oils result in the formation of trans-fatty acids

plant products such as vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds are the main source of __________________

____________ are the main constituits of dietary fats

______________ are present in shortening, hard margerine, and baked goods such as crackers, cookies, fried items

linoleic and ________ are essential fatty acids

__________ can be found in safflower, corn, soybean, cottonseed, seasame, and sunflower oils, (omega 6)

canola oil and olive oil are good sources of ___________

triglycerides consist of fatty acids and _______

____________ is a fat soluble component synthesized by the liver and also found in animal sources (milk, eggs, meat)

______ is a macronutrient most often associated with development of obesity and cardiovascular disease

_______ transport lipids and cholesterol in the blood

cholesterol is mainly stored in the ______

_________ are chronic disease conditions associated with elevated blood lipid and lipoprotein concentraitons (too much fat in the blood)

long-term consequences of a diet high in fat, saturated, trans, and cholesterol include the development of ___________ plaques.

atheroma plaques do what to the blood flow and lead to the development of coronary heart disease

cardiovascular disease

abnormal condition of the heart and vascular system (broad term)

atherosclerosis

inability of heart to pump blood to the body

accumulation of cholesterol and lipid, narrowing of the arteries of the heart

what are lipoproteins

how are lipoproteins classified

made in the intestine, made from fat from diet, exogenous lipid, and largest lipid = lightest lipid

bring fat and cholesterol to the liver,
Job: reverse transport, heaviest, mostly protein, smallest lipid

lipid made from extra calories, endogenous, made in liver, mainly triglyceride

mostly cholesterol, made in blood, it is 70% cholesterol in the blood

to much cholesterol in the blood

to much triglyceride in the blood

to much lipoprotein in the blood

blood pressure on the increase on at constant high

impairs blood flow in the brain

lack of blood flow

lack of blood flow to the brain

reduction of blood supply to heart muscles

intense pain and constricting pain with chest due to myocardial ischemia caused by inadquete oxygen supply to the heart muscle

inadequete blood flow causing necorosis in which part of the heart dies and then not able to pump enough blood to the body causing kidney to make blood volume rise -> to much sodium and water in body -> edema

heart attack or death of parts of heart that lead to not enough oxygen or blood supply

thread cathedar through artery to break blockage with inflated balloon.

vein in leg taken to bypass blockage in heart

high levels of lipid - causing fat nobules

risk factors of CHD

elevated total blood cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides and low HDL are main types of what?

type of hyperlipoproteinemias
elevated chylomicrons
caused by heredity

#1 most common and occuring heart disease
^ LDL ^ VLDL

common with diabetes mellitus and ^ triglycerides

total summery of labatory tests including: fasting blood total, LDL, HDL, triglycerides

Dietary components:

Effect: heart disease, obesity, ^ blood lipids

Sources: butter, oils, fried foods

Dietary components:

Effect: heart disease patients, increase LDL,

Sources: lauric, palmitic, and mystric fats (tropical oils)

Dietary components:

Effect: raises LDL and lowers HDL

Sources: crisco, hard margerines

Dietary components:

Effect: lowers LDL, keeps HDL constant

Sources: olive, peanut and canola oil

Dietary components:

Effect: lowers LDL and HDL

Sources: corn, sunflower, safflower oil

Dietary components:

Effect: raise HDL, contains omega 3

Sources: precursor to prostigladins which dialate blood vessels while boosting immunity and decreases inflammation

Dietary components:

Effect: lowers total cholesterol, binds bile

Sources: BEANS! oranges, apples, oats

Dietary components:

Effect: decreases fat intake, does not effect blood cholesterol, displaces fat in diet

Sources: wheat, rye, brown rice, pasta

Dietary components

:Effect: lowers blood cholesterol

Sources: vegetable oils, seeds, nuts, soybeans

Total lifestyle change diet for treatment of hypercholestelmia in adults, diet should provide ____ % of energy intake as saturated and ___ % as trans fatty acids

prevention and treatment of hypercholestermia in adults states that diet should provide <___mg cholesterol daily

Total lifestyle change diet should provide < ____ mg cholesterol daily

Target values of those at high risk of CHD

total Cholesterol: <____mg
HDL: >_____mg
LDL: <_____mg

optimal triglyceride concentration: <___mg

optimal blood pressure for healthy individuals

what blood pressure corresponds to high blood pressure (hypertension)

What is the Dash diet?

recommendations of DASH diet?

benefits of DASH diet?

one teaspoon of table salt contains ___ mg sodium

main medications used for management of high blood pressure?

lipids originating in the diet are absorbed and transported in the lymph to the liver by?

AI for sodium? __g/per day

UL for sodium? ____ mg

Dietary guidelines for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease?

recommendations of total lifestyle change diet?

Total fat ___%
SFA __% tras FA ___%
PUFA__%
MUFA__%
cholesterol <___ mg
carbohydrates___-___%
Protein ___%
Energy _______
alcohol _________

cardioprotective effects of EPA and DHA
decrease ?
increase?

dietary recommendations for clients given coumiden to limit effects of nutrient-drug interaction? vitamin ___?

adequete intakes of ______ recommended, deficiency thought to be associated with hyperhomocysteinemia, especially in elderly.

what side or heart?

____ side pumps blood through the lungs to pick up oxygen

what side of heart?

______ side pumps blood with its oxygen load throughout body

chronic elevation in blood pressure is what disease?

causes of hypertension?
what kind of nutrients? lack? to much?
lifestyle factors?

what reactive-protein measures the inflammatory response?

DASH diet
increase what ?
decrease what?
limit to _____mg of sodium on this diet?

how many mg of sodium

pasta ___
cereal____
bread____
milk____

DASH diet provides how many gm of potassium a day?

DASH diet provides how many cups of dairy per day?

what benefits do nuts have for the body especially those with hypertension

where are chylomicrons formed?

VLDL are formed where?

LDL are formed where? by what?

HDL are synthesized where? and released where?

CHD risk factors

Process of CHD
(4 steps)
1.
2.
3.
4.

how can homocysetine be kept at low levels? what nutrients? (3)

thickening of blood vessel walls caused by presence of plaque.... can cause CAD, CHF, MI, stroke

treatment of atherosclerosis?
type of diet
type of foods

what is ischemic heart disease

treatment of ischemic heart disease

what is heart failure?

treatment of heart failure?

watch for what to nutrients?

Heart failure implications:

malnutrition/wasting, fatigue and anorexia is what disease?