302 1.2 Infancy

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200 BC - 300 AD
- Greeks and Romans used harsh practices to shape infants' bodies and practiced infantcide
- often in cradle, tied to cradle or found with parents in fields
infantcide
- many early civilizations practiced it
- deliberate killing of unwanted babies
- killed if handicapped or simply unwanted because of being poor
middle ages and renaissance

Christianity spread as people moved to cities and the well being of infants began to be regulated
the ehlightenment (18th century)

emphasized the value of children
19th century
- nuclear family emerged
- social changes in relation to medical advances in infant care
- stay at home moms
- infancy research focused on learning and cognitive development
today (since 1990)

shift to concern for whole child
developmental theories
- behaviorism
- maturation view
maturation view
- maturation following an inherited time table; abilities and skills emerge in a preordained sequence
- Arnold Gessell
behavoirism
- John B Watson
- felt that a scientific approach to development must focus on observabe behavior not on findings like thought and mental images