The flashcards below were created by user
HLW
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
What does blastomycosis or cryptococcosis cause in LN?
chronic focal coalescing granulomatous lymphadenitis
-
What does histoplasma and Leishmaniasis cause in LN?
chronic diffuse granulomatous lymphadenitis
-
What is the most common primary neoplasia of lymph nodes? How does LN appear at necropsy?
lymphosarcoma (enlarged, obliterated normal architecture, pale, homogeneous, bulges)
-
What are 2 substances observed in LN?
- chyle (post-prandial)
- gas (emphysema)
-
How does chyle in LN appear?
white, milky, distended mesenteric nodes
-
How does gas/emphysema in LN appear?
air filled spaces, enlarged, light and puffy, spongy
-
What can cause emphysema in LN and which LN would be effected?
- in mesenteric LN of pigs with intestinal emphysema
- in tracheobronchial LN in cattle w/pulmonary emphysema
- in any node draining area w/anaerobic infection
-
What is lymphoma?
tumors with lymph cells outside bone marrow, usually solid white mass
-
Do large or small cell lymphomas usually proliferate a lot and respond to cytostatic chemotherapy?
large cell lymphoma
-
What are the 4 types of cattle lymphoma? Which ages are affected? Which is associated with BLV?
- enzootic bovine leukosis (BLV retrovirus) 4-8yrs
- sporadic forms (not viral; young)
- --calf/juvenile type (multicentric) up to 6mo.
- --thymic type, 1-2yr
- --cutaneous type/skin nodules, 2-3yr
-
What are preferential location for enzootic bovine leukosis and multicentric/juvenile lymphoma?
heart, abomasum, uterus, lymph nodes, spinal cord, retro-orbital
-
What are 4 forms of lymphoma in cats? What is the viral etiology?
- multicentric
- alimentary/intestinal
- mediastinal/thymic
- miscellaneous (renal, ocular, nasal, neural)
- --FeLV etiology
-
What causes erythroid hyperplasia of bone marrow? What about lymphoid hyperplasia of marrow?
- erythroid hyperplasia in response to hypoxemia
- lymphoid hyperplasia in response to antigen stimulation
-
What are causes of secondary marrow hyperplasia?
- inflammation, neoplasia, iron deficiency, asplenia
- associated with reactive thrombocytosis
-
What is bone marrow dysplasia? What is a primary cause? secondary?
- abnormally large hematopoietic cells or altered cell formation
- primary = idiopathic; secondary to infection, nutritional imbalance, toxicosis, etc.
-
What is bone marrow aplasia?
absence of marrow hematopoietic tissue of particular or all lineages
-
what does aplastic anemia result in?
aplastic pancytopenia (all lineages affected)
-
What are some causes of aplasia?
- chemicals (chemotherapeutics, bracken fern, estrogen-dogs)
- infection (erlichiosis, parvo, EIA, FeLV)
- idiopathic
-
What cell line is most affected with aplasia during the first week? During the second week?
- 1st: severe neutropenia -->infections
- 2nd: severe thrombocytopenia --> hemorrhages
-
What is the source of leukemia?
arise from bone marrow hematopoietic cells; either lymphocytic or myelogenous
-
What is the difference between acute and chronic leukemia? (degrees of differentiation, behavior)
- acute: poorly differentiatied cells with aggressive clinical course
- chronic: well diff. and slowly progress
-
What is myelopththisis?
replacement of hematopoietic tissue in the bone marrow by fibrous tissue (malignant or granulomatous)
-
What is cyclic hematopoiesis or lethal grey collie disease? How do the cells fluctuate during the 14 day cycles?
- inherited disorder of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells; autosomal recessive associated with dilute hair color;
- --14 day cycles of marked neutropenia, reticulocytosis, monocytosis, cytokine production and thrombocytosis
-
What are 3 consequences of cyclic hematopoiesis?
- infection (neutropenia)
- bleeding (impaired plt function)
- systemic amyloidosis (cyclic incr. in acute phase proteins during monocytosis)
-
What are 3 types of cytopenia?
- pancytopenia
- aplastic cytopenia
- anemia
-
What is pancytopenia and what are 2 reasons for it?
- decr. production of all 3 major marrow lineages resulting in anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia
- -from myelopthisis or abnormal hematopoietic cells
-
What does aplastic cytopenia result from?
destruction of stem cells and progenitor cells
-
Why can anemia result in murmurs?
decreased viscosity of blood leads to decr. in laminar blood flow
-
What are hallmarks of regenerative anemia?
- reticulocytosis (except horses)
- polychromasia, anisocytosis
- incr. MCV, decr. MCHC
-
What are hallmarks of nonregenerative anemia?
- no reticulocytosis
- decr. MCV, decr. MCHC (from Fe deficiency)
-
How long does regeneration take to be evident in blood?
- 3-4 days,
- 7-10 days before max response
-
What further evaluation is recommended to further investigate anemia?
bone marrow evaluation
-
What type of anemia is caused by trauma, hemostasis defect, neoplasia, GI ulcer, parasites?
regenerative hemorrhagic anemia
-
What type of anemia is caused by PK /PFK deficiencies, hemoparasites or immune mediated?
extravascular hemolytic/regenerative anemia
-
What type of anemia is caused by hypoP, PFK deficiency with alkalemia, hemoparasites, or immune mediated?
intravascular hemolytic/regenerative anemia
-
How does chronic disease cause nonregenerative anemia?
iron deficiency or excessive RBC turnover
|
|