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the significance of a sociological imagination is that
sociology attempt to understand personal events
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People who are shaped by social structure are constantly reconstructing those same social structures. What word does the text use to refer to this
process?
structuration
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which early theorist saw class conflict as the main source of social change?
Karl Marx
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IN the classical period of sociology, ______ were rarely allowed to hold academic positions or to do sociological research, so their contributions have been neglected.
women and minorities
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Which of the following are more narrowly focused efforts to explain particular social conditions or types of events?
theories
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Analysis of large sclae systems and long term processes is known as
macrosociology
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Which of the following is a practical benefit of the study of sociology?
all of the above
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The economic system that is directed at earning a profit for a few people, selling products to many people, and keeping
workers’wages low is called:
capitalism
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A variety of interpretations can be made of a scene at a restaurant where two men are having lunch together, laughing, and being playful with each other. Who among the following would most likely interpret their behavior by watching for subtle signs of affection and eye contact?
a symbolic interactionist
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Early sociologists stressed the importance of science and value neutrality as a focus of sociology. More recently, theoretical frameworks have emerged that are directed at political action and not just explanation. Who among the following would most likely support the belief that sociology needs to be proactive?
Judith Lorber
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How would rational choice theorists define the behavior of corporate executives who outsource many jobs to countries where the cost of labor is substantially less than in the United States?
instrumental behavior
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Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between sociology and science?
sociological research conforms to scientific methodology
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Max Weber contended that a bureaucratic structure is the most efficient organizational type. Which of the following exemplifies a bureaucratic organization?
college/university you attend
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What is one theoretical explanation for the explosion in autism and related disorders?
changes in ways they are diagnosed
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Which statement related to the origins of romantic love is true?
all of the above
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Romantic love:
shaped by social/historical forces
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Human societies are always in the process of:
reconstructed by buidling blocks that compose them
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Which early sociologist focused on the role of religion in social life and how it maintained moral order in society?
Emile Durkheim
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Marx differs from Weber in that
Marx argues that social change is caused by economic influences as opposed to values
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According to Max Weber, economic factors are very important to social change in society. What other variable is involved in social change?
ideas and values
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Which activist sociologist connected social analysis to social reform?
WEB Du Bois
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Robert Merton advocated that sociologists should develop more modest theories that would not attempt to encompass all of society. He termed these types of theories
middle range theories
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Which step in the research process may involve formulation of a definite hypothesis?
making problem precise
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“The better the grades Sheri gets in school, the better paying job she is likely to get.” In this example, grades are the _________ variable and occupational income is the ________ variable.
indep., depend.
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Variables that are held constant in order to test the effects of other variables are known as:
control
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Which of the following statements best reflects an advantage of fieldwork as a research method?
all of the above
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Which research method would be best to use if one wanted a large, representative sample of people’s attitudes toward an issue?
survey
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A ________ is a smaller proportion of a larger group selected for study
sample
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What research method tests hypotheses under highly controlled conditions?
experiment
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Sociologists engage in historical analysis because:
time needed to make sense of a problem
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The use of two or more methods of research to verify results is called:
triangulation
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The results of sociological research often become widely known in society, thus affecting the social life sociologists study. This interaction between sociological research and human behavior is known as a ________ relation
reflexive
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If you add all the numbers in a series of data, then divide by the number of cases, you have calculated the:
mean
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What does “activities in a public bathroom are socially constructed” mean?
depends of occupants of bathroom
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Which of the following is an example of the social construction of bathroom behavior?
all of the above
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Before researchers publish their findings, they need to:
all of the above
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The 55-mph speed limit was introduced in the United States in 1973. Shortly thereafter the number of auto accidents declined. We can conclude that:
may have contributed to the decline in # of automobile accidents
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What kind of research method would be best suited if you were hired by a real estate company to learn how the residents in a gated community feel about racial desegregation?
surveys and interviews
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Which of the following methods could be used by sociologists to study homeless people?
all of the above
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Who said “men make their own history . . . but they do not make it under conditions of their own choice”?
C Wright Mills
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How did C. Wright Mills bring the sociological imagination to the American public?
plain everyday language to explain complex ideas
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Factual investigations are based on the premise that:
data are empirical
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The strongest sociological research begins with problems that:
puzzles
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Puzzle-solving research attempts to:
illuminates why events happen as they do
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The stage at which sociological researchers may formulate hypotheses is when they are:
formulate research problem
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Recently social scientists using participant observation have written about how their race, class, gender, and sexual orientation:
affect their research due to power differences
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Using participant observation in the sociological research process involves:
gaining trust and confidence in members of group
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All sociological research imposes some sort of:
dilemmas that could have negative effects on subjects involved
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American universities require a review of all research that involves human subjects. This has had an effect on sociological research in what way?
more atuned to ethical dilemmas encountered when using humans as subjects in research
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The scientific study of culture in sociology began with ________ in the nineteenth century
Durkheim
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Early sociology and anthropology were:
biased towaards beliefs and values of Europeans
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A helpful image describing culture is that of:
all of the above
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Society is:
system of interrelationships that connect individuals
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Sociobiologists believe:
reproduction strategy shapes relations between sexes
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When it comes to the relationship between nature and nurture in human behavior, sociologists believe that:
nature and nurture interact
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The Nacirema, subjects of Horace Miner’s famous essay on body rituals, are:
American
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Judging other cultures by the standards of one’s own is known as:
ethnicentrism
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Assessing a society by its own cultural standards is known as:
cultural reletavism
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Features that are found in virtually all societies are called
cultural universalism
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Which of the following is a signifier?
all of the above
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________ societies relied mainly on domesticated animals, while ________ societies grew crops for their livelihood.
pastoral, agrarian
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Which type of society is more settled and tends to have more material possessions?
agrarian
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Most of the traditional civilizations were ________, developed through conquest and incorporation of other societies.
empires
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The central process shaping the social geography of the modern world was:
colonialism
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Why are industrialized countries often referred to as the North, and the developing countries referred to as the South?
situated south of US
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Smaller segments of a society with their own unique patterns of behavior are called:
subcultures
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Which of the following best explains why different groups of people created different cultures?
learn to adapt to surroundings
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From a comfortable chair in a sociology class, it may be easy to ignore the world’s impoverished people. Why should global poverty be a concern of a typical American student?
immigrants from poor countries
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According to your text, the practice of horticulture
all of the above
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Select which answer is NOT associated with industrialization.
empires
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Select the attribute that is NOT considered part of developing countries
stable borders
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Select the attribute that is NOT associated with a global culture.
nationalism
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According to your text, the world has become a single social system reinforced by continually growing economic and social ties. Because of this, sociologists understand globalization to:
reorder time and distance in social lives
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When parents remind their children they should not chew with their mouths open, the parents are engaging in the process of:
socialization
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Which of the following best describes such cases as the “wild boy of Aveyron” and Genie?____ the tendency of adults to ignore their ongoing socialization
unsocialized
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