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Bio Sat2 ch4
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Genetic information
Basically just
DNA
Chromosome
The pieces of DNA in the nucleus of a cell.
Replicate
MAking an exact copy of itself
(DNA replicates)
DNA polymerase
An enzyme that forms new strands of DNA.
Template
Something that directs the construction of something else.
A DNA strand acts a template for the formation of a new complementary strand.
Somatic
Non-sex body cell
Homologous
One Chromosome of a pair in the body.
Holologous pair
The two chromosomes that make up a pair.
a.k.a. 1a from dad 2a from mom.
Diploid
Cells that have two sets of chromosomes.
ie. humans.
Genes
The portions of DNA that carry code for protein synthesis.
Ribose
The sugar in RNA
Uracil
The nitrogen base in RNA as opposed to thymine in DNA.
Single-stranded
On strand of nitrogen bases
RNA is single-stranded
Transcription
Forming new RNA from DNA.
Translation
RNA produces new proteins.
Nucleotides -----> Amino Acids
RNA polymerase
THe enzyme from DNA that creates a new RNA,
mRNA
Messenger RNA.
Carries information for protein synthesis,
in the form of a nucleotide sequence.
rRNA
Ribosomal RNA.
Interacts with the cell's ribosomes to make them functional.
rRNA is the catalyst for protein synthesis;
if there's no rRNA the the ribosomes don't work.
tRNA
Transfer RNA.
Carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes during protein synthesis.
Codon
A sequence of three amino acids.
ex. AUG
Genetic Code
The dictionary for protein translation:
AUG--methionine
CUU--leucine
Non-overlapping sequence
A sequence read without repeating.
Ex. AUGGCACGA:
AUG GCA CGA
anticodon
A special region on the tRNA that can base pair with the codons on mRNA.
The anticodon must be complementary to base pair.
Anticodon loop
THe area on the tRNA where the anticodons are.
Ribosome
The organelle that synthesizes protein.
mRNA binds to the ribosomes, and tRNA carries amino acids to it.
The ribosome has a A-site (Amino)
and a P-site (Peptide).
Peptide
Growing peptide is attached to the ribosome at the P-site.
Amino Acid
The next Amino acid is continually added to the A-site.
Author
Krudge
ID
135097
Card Set
Bio Sat2 ch4
Description
Transcription and translation
Updated
2/14/2012, 3:10:14 AM
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