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Genetic information
Basically just DNA
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Chromosome
The pieces of DNA in the nucleus of a cell.
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Replicate
- MAking an exact copy of itself
- (DNA replicates)
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DNA polymerase
An enzyme that forms new strands of DNA.
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Template
- Something that directs the construction of something else.
- A DNA strand acts a template for the formation of a new complementary strand.
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Somatic
Non-sex body cell
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Homologous
One Chromosome of a pair in the body.
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Holologous pair
- The two chromosomes that make up a pair.
- a.k.a. 1a from dad 2a from mom.
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Diploid
- Cells that have two sets of chromosomes.
- ie. humans.
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Genes
The portions of DNA that carry code for protein synthesis.
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Uracil
The nitrogen base in RNA as opposed to thymine in DNA.
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Single-stranded
- On strand of nitrogen bases
- RNA is single-stranded
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Transcription
Forming new RNA from DNA.
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Translation
- RNA produces new proteins.
- Nucleotides -----> Amino Acids
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RNA polymerase
THe enzyme from DNA that creates a new RNA,
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mRNA
- Messenger RNA.
- Carries information for protein synthesis,
- in the form of a nucleotide sequence.
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rRNA
- Ribosomal RNA.
- Interacts with the cell's ribosomes to make them functional.
- rRNA is the catalyst for protein synthesis;
- if there's no rRNA the the ribosomes don't work.
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tRNA
- Transfer RNA.
- Carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes during protein synthesis.
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Codon
- A sequence of three amino acids.
- ex. AUG
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Genetic Code
- The dictionary for protein translation:
- AUG--methionine
- CUU--leucine
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Non-overlapping sequence
- A sequence read without repeating.
- Ex. AUGGCACGA:
- AUG GCA CGA
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anticodon
- A special region on the tRNA that can base pair with the codons on mRNA.
- The anticodon must be complementary to base pair.
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Anticodon loop
THe area on the tRNA where the anticodons are.
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Ribosome
- The organelle that synthesizes protein.
- mRNA binds to the ribosomes, and tRNA carries amino acids to it.
- The ribosome has a A-site (Amino)
- and a P-site (Peptide).
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Peptide
Growing peptide is attached to the ribosome at the P-site.
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Amino Acid
The next Amino acid is continually added to the A-site.
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